A Comparative Study Of Durkheim And Macalenko's Discipline

Emile Durkheim lived in France during the transition from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society. In the process of social change, the old religious precepts that controlled people's thinking and behavior was losing its dominant position, the traditional value system which integrated social order gradually faced disintegrate. However, the new regulatory system that maintained the social stability had not yet been formed when the old norms declined, whereby the society was thrown into a "moral vacuum" state which triggered a series of social problems. People were interested in material comforts, ignored the collective interest.The sense of discipline was weak. The morality was often despised. The society trapped into serious social confusion and was in multiple crisis. Durkheim believed that the way to solve the crisis lied in the reconstruction of rational-led new moral system that adapted to the social development, strengthening the guidance to the individual by discipline. Makarenko lived in the Soviet Union during the civil unrest. At that time, the continuous war caused a large number of street children appeared on the society. Most of them were illiterate and lacked of moral values.They often made violation of discipline forced by the pressure of life, they had become a serious social problem. Makarenko was ordered in distress, taking up the reeducation work of the street children and troubled teens. Finally he successfully transformed more than three thousand slipped children into qualified citizens by way of collective discipline of education.China is currently in rapid growth transition from planned economy to market economy,the phenomenon of "anomie" appears in the social life equally inevitable: public conscience has begun to waver, social cohesion begins to decline and relations between the individual and society are very tense, public morality are often trampled by people. This situation we are in urgent need to find a solution. The social situations that Durkheim and Makarenko have ever faced are similar to our, which will undoubtedly provide valuable information and reference for us. The author's research goal is to ascertain the connotations and origin, limits and errors of discipline through the comparison of discipline concept between Durkheim and Makarenko. By the nature of these problems revealed and their solutions for the social crisis we learned from, it will help us face the social "anomie" phenomenon, pay greater attention to students' sense of discipline culture and provide useful guidance and experience for the construction and perfection of the system of ethics.This study combed Durkheim and Makarenko's concept of discipline from three aspects of the background, content interpretation and Times Value on the basis of the relevant literature.And depending on the comparative study we can sum up the common about the nature, rational connotation and culture approaches of discipline view, and sum up the difference about the nature of the discipline, educational models and the role of punishment. We expect that it will deep our understanding of the concept of discipline, provide a new theoretical perspective for China's current education development and implementation, and find out where I used to be able to view, contributing to the improvement of moral education system.Durkheim and Makarenko is a representative scholar in the field of moral education.Through the comparative study of both discipline concept, we must be clear that discipline is essential for social life, as it is by no means the existence of a moral oppression, bondage tools.In fact, the presence of the discipline is people-oriented. China's current status of discipline education has put forward a number of requirements for us. Firstly, we should be based on the essence of humanity of discipline in the process of discipline education, closely link to the spirit of the times; Secondly, we must be clear the limits of discipline, avoid falling into the misunderstanding of discipline; Thirdly, we should optimize the cultivation methods, culture students' spirits of self-discipline.