The Impact Of Traffic Accessibility In Guantian Economic Zone On The Temporal And Spatial Changes Of Population

The development of the urbanization has been into the stage of rapid development, which caused the increasing of floating population and more and more surplus rural-urban labor migration. The construction of transport infrastructure provides a foundation for the flow of population but also affects the distribution and change of resident population and employment.Guantian economic zone has rapid development of economy since China western development strategies in Northwest region, which attract many floating population for job. Investigating the impacts of transport accessibility on spatial-temporal change of resident population and employment of different industries is significant to formulate reasonable transportation plan to guide reasonable population distribution.Based on road and railway network data of 2000 and 2010 in Guantian economic zone supported by ArcGIS software this study examines the spatial structure and evolution of accessibility, spatial-temporal change of resident population and employment in this region. Then we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between spatial-temporal change of resident population and employment and road and railway accessibility. Finally, we examine the impacts of road and railway accessibility on spatial-temporal change of resident population and employment using pooled regression model and GAM model. The results are shown as follows.(1) Road accessibility formed axis distribution characteristics that the road accessibility became worse outward along transportation corridors. Road relative accessibility formed the characteristics which is the core of Xi-Xian metropolitan area was the highest, gradually decreasing from the center to the surroundings. Railway accessibility and relative accessibility became worse outward along the railway corridors. During the study periods, the level of road and railway accessibility improved and differences reduced in the area. The level of road and railway accessibility improved faster in the area with poor accessibility. Road and railway relative accessibility developed to the trend of homogenizing.(2) Resident population distribution had characteristics of traffic directed. Agricultural employment balanced distributed in the area, the city of Shangluo and Weinan had the large agricultural employment size. The cities of Baoji and Xi'an were the core of industry employment. Building employment zonally distributed in the Guanzhong area. The city of Xi'an was the core of three kinds of service employment. Employment of different industries distribution had characteristics of traffic directed.On the aspect of resident population, we found that resident population rapidly increased and showed significant trend of concentration to Xi'an. Resident population of county in the edge of the area showed the characteristics of decreasing. Agricultural employment decreased in large area. There are more than 80 percent of counties had the reduced characteristics of agricultural employment. Industry employment spread from district to peripheral, especially the cities of Baoji and Xi'an. Building employment increased faster in the counties of the edge of the area. Three kinds of service employment aggregated towards district of cities, especially to district of Xi'an.(3) Resident population distribute in the area with better road and railway relative accessibility, also formed the characteristics of the impacts of road surpass railway. Cities had better road and railway relative accessibility would promote the aggregation of resident population, but railway relative accessibility had a little influence on change of resident population. The impact of the change of accessibility on the change of resident population is not significant.(4) Road and railway relative accessibility had significant positive influence on the distribution of agricultural, building and consumer services employment, but the impacts of road surpass railway. Road and railway relative accessibility had significant positive influence on the distribution of producer services employment, but the impacts of road balanced with railway. Road relative accessibility had active impacts on the distribution of industry and public services employment, but the impacts of railway is not significant. The area had better road and railway relative accessibility would accelerate the diffusion of agricultural employment. The area had better road relative accessibility would accelerate the diffusion of industry employment from district to suburbs and the aggregation of three kinds of services employment. The impacts of road relative accessibility on change of three kinds of services employment had a marginal effect. Road relative accessibility had more effect on services employment in suburb of metropolis than district. The impact of railway relative accessibility on industry and service employment was not significant. The promotion of railway relative accessibility promoted the diffusion of agricultural employment and the aggregation of industry employment. The promotion of road relative accessibility promoted the increase of building population.