| In order to understand the current situation of rice production in China,visiting farmers has been taken in Jiangsu province which is one of the largest rice production in province.Based on farmer survey data and the statistical data,the status of fertilizer application,the relationships of high yield and high efficiency of rice with household characteristics were analyzed and built a model to fit a households' rice production potential index,investigating influence factors of rice production in Jiangsu province with household characteristic.The conclusions are as follows:1.The average rice yield were 8059.2kg/hm2 in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2014,the highest yield is 8082.5 kg/hm2 in north of Jiangsu,8049.4kg/hm2 and 8013.2kg/hm2 in center and south of Jiangsu,little difference between regions.2.Compared with 80's the amount of fertilizer consumption has been increased 2.2 times and tends to an average of about 3.4 million tons per year.The average nitrogen application rate of rice in Jiangsu province was 343.3kg/hm2,the average is 339.1kg/hm2,356.7kg/hm2,314.6kg/hm2 from north to south of Jiangsu,respectively.It was higher N-fertilizer applicated than the result obtained by experts' experimentation 25.6%,32.1%and 36.8%in each region.With the increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,nitrogen partial factor productivity showed a downward trend.Only 26.4%of the households achieved high yield and high efficiency.Large amount of nitrogen rate is the main reason of low nitrogen use efficiency of rice.3.The average rice cultivation area of households in jiangsu province is 5.4 mu;The minimum age of the main labor force is 24 years old and the maximum is 83 years old,the average is 50.2 years old;Main labor's average level of education is only primary school,illiteracy and primary school of farmers accounted for 72%,junior and high school of farmers accounted for 25%,and the farmers with higher education were less than 4%.The characteristic of household in Jiangsu province is that the arable land area is small and high degree of fragmentation,farmer is old and with low education.4.There was no significant correlation between rice yield and cultivation area of household.The rice yield showed a significant positive correlation with the level of education,and first rising after falling with the increase of the age of fanners.The nitrogen rate increased with the growth of rice cultivation area and the age of farmes,decreased with the growth of the level of education.5.The fitting model showed that the households' rice production potential index was a positive correlation with rice grain yield,cultivation area and the level of education,and the potential index showed a negative correlation with nitrogen rate and the age of farmers.The main factors influencing the households' rice production potential index were rice grain yield,the level of education and the age of farmers.The index increased from the north to south of Jiangsu province.6.The households' rice production potential index showed a positive correlation with rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency,and the rice grain yield effected the index more than nitrogen use efficiency.The farmers' income increased with the growth of the households' rice production potential index,that is to say,the model of households' rice production potential index can indirect indicate the level of living of the households.Improving the farmers' scientific and cultural level,strengthening the training and guidance of advanced technology in agricultural production and field,and the promotion of the formula fertilization by soil testing are effective ways to implement high yield and high efficiency of rice production. |
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