Comparative Study On Rural Land Circulation To Livelihood Vulnerability Of Land Flow-in And Land Flow-out Farmers

Rural land circulation,on one hand,could promote rural land scale management and transfer of surplus rural labors,prevent farmland abandoned,lower the degree of land fragmentation,is of great significance.And on the other hand,it can also influence farmers' production and living,threaten farmers' livelihood.For land flow-out farmers(FO-Farmers),after farmland circulation,they will lose all or part of the cultivated land resources,faced with the question of livelihood diversity.For most lost all the farmland will highly possible choose engaged in non-agricultural production,for instance,working as migrant workers.For those lost part of arable land may not necessarily employ in traditional farming production mode.FO-Farmers will gain non-agricultural income in the long run,as well as increasing living cost and the damage to the land safeguard function.For land flow-in farmers(FI-Farmers),the direct effect is the increase of arable land,resulting in increase of agricultural investment.Especially for family lack of management experience,severe aging of farming labor,low level of average education of adult labor,and so on.And blindly increase the area of cultivated land will bring in potential negative externalities.How to measure farmland circulation to farmers' livelihood vulnerability? The difference of livelihood vulnerability between land flow-in and land flow-out farmers? Lots of researches have come out about farmers' livelihood and farmers' vulnerability,but the comprehensive study of rural land circulation and farmers' livelihood vulnerability are less.On this basis,in accordance with previous researches and the survey data in rural areas in China,to explore farmland circulation to farmers' livelihood vulnerability through theoretical analysis and empirical research,so that we can develop and improve current rural land circulation system,reduce the negative externalities of farmland circulation.This paper is divided into four parts:(1)The first part,including the first two chapters of this article,mainly illustrate topic background,research purpose and research significance,literature review and research methods,research framework and theoretical basis.The first chapter,consist of selected topic background and the theoretical analysis of the influence on farmland circulation to farmers livelihood;Secondly,summarizing the literature review of farmland circulation,farmers livelihood,and farmers vulnerability,referring to domestic and foreign researches,drawing the formulate research route,methods and ideas of this article.The second chapter is the theoretical basis of this paper,including institutional economics theory,externality theory and sustainable development theory.(2)The second part,the third chapter of this paper,introduces the theory framework of farmers' livelihood vulnerability analysis.Closely related to the present researches of evaluation of farmers' vulnerability and farmers' livelihood,based on sustainable livelihoods framework(SL)and “exposure-sensitivity-adaptability” framework(ESA),we try to establish the analysis framework of farmers' livelihood vulnerability,selecting 5 exposure indexes of the flow area ratio,the quality of circulation farmland,dispute or not between both flow sides,e.g.And 6 sensitivity indexes of farmers' dependence on cultivated land resource,degree in lack of employment ability and the degree of farming labor aging,e.g.And 12 adaptive capacity indexes of households' labor ratio,housing area per household,e.g.developed from farmers' livelihood assets of human capital,natural capital,physical capital,financial capital,social capital.As for evaluation method,considering the fuzziness of farmers' vulnerability,we adopt fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to calculate membership degree of each index,and finally,in accordance with the exposure and sensitivity has positive effect on vulnerability and adaptive capacity have a reverse effect on vulnerability calculate farmers livelihood vulnerability.(3)The third part is the empirical analysis of this article,including chapter 4 and chapter 5.Based on the field investigation of Daye,Ezhou,Hongan,Huangpi,e.g.10 districts in Hubei province,we got access to 658 effective questionnaire,including land 276 flow-out households,accounting for 41.95% of the total survey households,49.64% of households hold that farmland conversion has little impact on family lives,35.51% of households incline to take the point that farmland circulation has great positive effects on family lives;land flow-in farmers accounts for 81 in a ratio of 12.31%;households never have farmland transferred took 301,accounting for 45.74%,60.49% of farmers consider farmland circulation has brought greater positive influence to family lives,that inclined to hardly influence account for 24.69%.The farmers' livelihood vulnerability of land flow-in and land flow-out are 0.4086 and 0.6124;the exposure indexes of land flow-in and land flow-out farmers are 0.6283,0.4263;sensitivity indexes are 0.2296,0.2112;adaptive capacity indexes are 0.2472,0.2271,respectively.The nearer of rural land circulation happens,the higher of farmers' vulnerability shows;Farmers livelihood vulnerability has regional difference,and the farmers' livelihood vulnerability of land mortgage pilot areas and not pilot areas has not shown obvious characteristics.The results of multiple regression analysis show that the education level of householders and average income has a significant impact on Farmers' livelihood vulnerability,the significant level is 1%,namely the higher per capita income,the higher the education level of the head of household,the lower vulnerable farmers' livelihood shows.(4)The fourth part is chapter 6,consist of conclusion and discussion.This study showed that:(1)Farmland circulation did influence farmers livelihoods and agricultural development;(2)and the livelihood vulnerability of land flow-out farmers is higher than that of the land flow-in farmers;(3)The per capita income and the education level of householders have a significant impact on reducing the vulnerability of rural households.Policy recommendations:(1)to further improve the land transfer system;(2)set up differentiated compensation system of rural land circulation,(3)attach great importance education of rural farmers.