Study On The Grassland Management Utilization Actuality & Development Mode Of Herdsmen In Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In recent years,the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau appeared obviously degenerated grassland,which not only severely affecting the sustainable development of the pastoral area economy and the improvement of the living standard of herdsmen in the pastoral area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,but also directly threaten the ecological security of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.In the process of grassland management utilization,the herdsmen are the basic production units of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau pastoral area,the main and direct participant of grassland management utilization.Their decision-making behavior and cognitive response will have the most direct impact on the protection and utilization of grassland ecosystems.Therefore,if in order to understand the present situation of grassland utilization in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau pastoral area and understand the response mechanism of grassland management decision-making behavior and survival status,it is necessary to carry out in-depth systematic research on herdsmen,the important subject.This paper takes Maqu County,which is located in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,to study the grassland management utilization actuality and development mode of herdsmen.Using the grazing management information of 308 herdsmen collected by field research from three townships in Maqu County,eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,by establishing logistic regression model,systematically analyzed the key factors influencing grassland management decision-making behavior,such as family socioeconomic status,livestock status,grassland status,grassland management cognitive status,grassland evaluation system,etc;And the present situation and development mode of grassland management utilization;And through the real case analysis of real life,from the perspective of government departments and herdsmen,explained the government departments and herdsmen need to solve some of the problems,and put forward some relevant recommendations that can effectively delay the grassland and local herdsmen production and living pressure.Through the study we draw the following results:1)The results of logistic regression analysis show that various factors of the family socioeconomic status,livestock status,grassland status,grassland management cognitive status,e.g.household income source terms,household expenses terms,family social relations,livestock inventories,livestock species,herdsmen grazing preference and the internal management mechanism have significant impact on herdsmen in grassland management decision-making behavior(That is,the household-based grassland management model or group-based grassland management model).The results of logistic regression analysis show that the grassland evaluation system factors,e.g.grassland sunshine condition,the distance of winter and summer pasture,traffic,the quality of the grass and the difficulty of moving have significant impact on herdsmen's grassland management decision-making behavior.2)The results show that from 1999 to 2015,the total population of the research area increased by 504 people,an increase of 40.88%,the number of household increased from 226 to 308 households,but the number of herdsmen livestock stocks did not change much,basically flat or showed a smaller downward trend,livestock slaughter rate of only 17.49%.In theory to maintain or improve the standard of living of herdsmen as the population grows the standard of living of herdsmen as the population grows,the number of livestock and the number of slaughter should increase.However,due to the implementation of contracting policy,Since 1999 to date,grassland area has not changed,the per capita grassland area and per capita grassland area decreased by 26.33% and 28.73% respectively,compared with that in 1999.The carrying capacity increased from 2.24 mu/sheep in 1999 to 2.37 mu/sheep in 2015,Adding the part of the grassland that relieves grassland pressure by renting grassland,the current carrying capacity is barely able to reach 3 mu/sheep units,but still far below the theoretical carrying capacity of 7.84 mu/sheep units.So grassland and livestock contradictions and overgrazing phenomenon is still serious.In addition,due to Maqu County grassland in varying degrees of degradation in recent decades,the balance between herdsmen,livestock and grassland has long been broken,and the degradation of grassland and livestock will continue.So as the population increases,grassland ecosystems and herdsmen' livelihoods are all will face greater pressure.3)The grassland management development model based on the group helps to curb the degradation of grassland and livestock in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and have a positive impact on the vast majority of herdsmen's production and life.It is expected that the relevant departments will actively guide and support the establishment of a more scientific and effective grassroots community management cooperation mechanism through consideration of many factors that restrict the decision-making behavior of pastoral grassland,combined with animal husbandry production cooperatives for new exploration and try.