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A Preliminry Study On The Resource Sustainable Utilization Of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region

Posted on:2015-07-15Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:W FuFull Text:PDF
GTID:1109330467459692Subject:Ecology
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the last piece of pure land in addition to the north and south poles. It has wide ecological environmental impact. Although the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is economic less-developed area in China, the grassland resource, biological resources and other natural resources are very abundant and it’s an ethnic minority area. The state of resource utilization decides the future development direction of plateau and directly relates to the plateau’s ecological environment, affecting the ecological environment problems of China, Southeast Asia and the world. Therefore, the study on the resource sustainable utilization of Qinghai-Tibet plateau region has important theoretical and practical significances to realize the sustainable development.The study on the resource sustainable utilization involves "natural-economic-social" trinity complex giant system, this paper had resource sustainable utilization empirical analysis of Qinghai-Tibet plateau region in accordance with the natural system→"natural-economic" system→"natural-economic-social" system step by step. The six provinces (districts), including Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Xinjiang are the study objects and ten years from2002to2011are the study time range. The index of Ecological Footprint (EF) was selected to have empirical analysis of six resources contribution, including arable land, grassland, forest land, water, fossil energy and built-up land. The index of ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint was used to have empirical analysis of the six resources utilization efficiency and the Resource Welfare Index (RWI) was chosen to have empirical analysis of resource sustainable utilization state and social welfare. The main conclusions are as following:1、Except Tibet, other five provinces (districts) all had ecological deficit. The spatial sustainable utilization of resources of Qinghai-Tibet plateau region was different. Tibet was ecological surplus, the resource development and utilization degree was small. But other provinces (districts) were ecological deficit and had an increasing tendency. Qinghai’s ecological deficit was minimum (-1.207hm2in2011). The ecological deficit of Xinjiang was the largest, reached-3.858hm2in2011.2、Based on the average value of ecological footprint per capita of six kinds of resources, different degrees of all kinds of resources contribution to human existence were drawn from large to small according to the proportion of different resources:fossil energy (44.229%)> arable land (30.831%)> grassland (22.641%)> water (1.096%)> forest land (0.889%)> built-up land (0.313%). The contribution of fossil energy in the six kinds of resources was the largest, which means the economic development largely relied on energy.3、The ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP of six provinces (districts) of Qinghai-Tibet plateau all had downward trend and the overall resources utilization efficiency had a growing trend. The ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint shows that the level of resource consumption to produce per ten thousand yuan GDP. The value is greater, the resource efficiency is lower. On the contrary, the value is lower, the resource efficiency is higher. According to the ten years (2002-2011) average value of ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP, the six provinces (districts) resources utilization efficiency were drawn from high to low:Sichuan> Qinghai> Tibet> average value> Gansu> Yunnan> Xinjiang; The resources utilization efficiency all improved and the growth speeds were drawn from fast to slow:Sichuan> Tibet> average value> Gansu> Qinghai> Yunnan> Xinjiang.4、This paper calculated annual average value of six provinces (districts) ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint of various resources and averaged the data of ten years to get ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint of each resource:arable land (0.665hm2/ten thousand yuan), grassland (0.457hm2/ten thousand yuan), forest land (0.016hm2/ten thousand yuan), water (0.023hm2/ten thousand yuan), fossil energy (1.013hm2/ten thousand yuan), built-up land (0.006hm2/ten thousand yuan). The various resources utilization of Qinghai-Tibet plateau can be drawn from high to low according to the ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP of resources:built-up land> forest land> water> grassland> arable land> fossil fuels.5、The gini coefficient of ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint of ten years’ various resources was used to judge the different degree of resource utilization efficiency of different regions of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The gini coefficient is larger, the different degree is larger. The gini coefficient of overall resources efficiency of six provinces (districts) was from0.05to0.2and the average value of ten years was0.108. At the same time, the gini coefficient had a growing trend. The conclusion was drawn that the overall resources utilization efficiency of different regions of Qinghai-Tibet plateau had low level differences and the different degree had a growing trend. According to the different resources of ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint of ten years’ average value of gini coefficient, the different degrees of various resources utilization efficiency were drawn from high to low:forest land (0.802)> water (0.691)> grassland (0.546)> built-up land (0.349)> arable land (0.258)> fossil energy (0.177).6、According to the criteria of Resource Welfare Index (RWI), the state of the sustainable utilization of resources of Tibet was inferior benign positive development and Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Xinjiang were inferior malignant positive development. RWI was put forward by this paper combined with Human Development Index (HDI) and Ecological Footprint Index (EFI), which means the level of welfare brought about by the unit resource to fully reflect the comprehensive efficiency level of resource utilization to develop economy at the same time feedback to society. The change trend of RWI, HDI and EFI can be used to evaluate a country or a region’s resource sustainable utilization state. The growth rate of Tibet’s RWI was positive, growth rate of HDI (7.509%) was larger than the growth rate of EFI (3.615%), which meaned the resource consumption and the level of social welfare both increased and the growth rate of social welfare level was higher than the growth rate of resource consumption. So the resource sustainable utilization of Tibet presented inferior benign positive development. The growth rate of RWI of Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Xinjiang were negative, the growth rates of HDI were less than the growth rates of EFI, which meaned the resource consumption and the level of social welfare both increased but the growth rate of social welfare level was less than the growth rate of resource consumption. So the resource sustainable utilization of the five provinces (districts) presented inferior malignant positive development.7、The biological resources consumption structure of Qinghai-Tibet plateau needs to be optimized. According to the analysis of the biological resources contribution to human existence, the general biological resources consumption structure of Qinghai-Tibet plateau was that grain and other agricultural products> animal products> aquatic products> forest products. The six provinces (districts) of Qinghai-Tibet plateau’s biological resources contribution were different and the consumption structures were also different. Qinghai and Tibet’s animal products’ consumption was the largest, bigger than the grain and other agricultural products’ consumption. The other four provinces (districts) also had the largest consumption of grain and other agricultural products. Therefore, the consumption structure of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau was given priority to grain and other agricultural products and the biological resources consumption structure needs to be optimized which can appropriately increase the consumption of animal products and forest products.8、The energy industrial structure needs to be optimized and transformed. The conclusion was drawn by the empirical analysis of six resources contribution to human existence of six provinces (districts). The fossil energy had the largest contribution of all resources and the fossil energy of Qinghai, Gansu and Xinjiang had the vast majority of contribution. Only Sichuan and Yunnan’s arable resource had more contribution than fossil energy. Therefore, the consumption of fossil energy was the biggest in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. But the conclusion, according to the empirical analysis of resources utilization efficiency of six provinces (districts), was that the fossil energy had the lowest utilization efficiency. Therefore, the utilization of fossil energy had the high consumption but low efficiency. So the energy industrial structure needs to be optimized and transformed.
Keywords/Search Tags:Qinghai-Tibet plateau, resource sustainable utilization, resourcecontribution, ecological footprint, resource welfare index
PDF Full Text Request
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