Study On The Management Scale And Production Efficiency Of Herdsmen In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

In 2018,No 1 Central Document proposed to actively promote supply-side structural reform of Pastoralism,improve the large-scale operation of the animal husbandry,and protect the ecological environment of the grassland.In recent years,grassland ecological environment of China is facing great challenges.The continuous degradation of grassland affects the protection of local biodiversity,ecological balance and the development of animal husbandry economy,and has become the focus of the whole society.The alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the world's most famous grazing ecosystems.The slight changes in the grassland ecological environment would have a great impact on the lives of pastoralists and the ecological environment in the surrounding areas.So far,the livestock production in the QinghaiTibet Plateau is still dominated by extensive management,the production mode is backward,the herd rate of herdsmen's pastures is at a high level.Serious grassland degradation and ecological imbalance affect the local environment and social development.In view of this,this study selected a total of 297 herdsmen from four provinces of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to conduct on-the-spot investigations,using the micro-data at the herdsmen's level to construct DEA(data envelopment analysis)and empirical measurement models,and comprehensively analyzed the influencing factors of the animal husbandry's production efficiency and farming scale on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,it revealed herders' actual production efficiency of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the main reasons for the overgrazing of grassland.The results showed that:(1)The comprehensive efficiency level of herdsmen's aquaculture operation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is relatively low.Most of the herdsmen have a serious degree of ineffectiveness.The main form of performance is technical inefficiency.The herdsmen's operation scale and production factor resources are unreasonable in the production process;The level of herd culture in the technical efficiency level is mainly distributed in the range of 600-900 sheep units.(2)The more income of the herdsmen and the Cordyceps,the smaller the breeding scale.When the two incomes increase by 1,000 yuan each,the number of herdsmen will be reduced by 0.83 and 0.85 sheep units respectively.The government awardadding policy ignores the differences between the herdsmen.The more subsidies the herders receive,the more subsidies they receive;When the operating area of the pasture is small,the chances of the herdsmen expanding the scale of breeding will be higher.(3)The developmental livelihood strategies of pastoralists in the pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are generally inadequate.The herdsmen's income is low,the income source is single,and the basic living expenses account for a high proportion of total expenditure.The household expenditure has a significant positive correlation with the amount of farming.With the increase of household expenditure,The amount of livestock raised will increase significantly.Therefore,based on the above research results,in order to improve the scale operation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau animal husbandry and protect its ecological environment,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:(1)Establishing Herdsmen's Participation and Cooperation Mechanism,constructing a new type of business entity,and optimizing the animal husbandry industry structure in the QinghaiTibet region to promote the efficient operation of animal husbandry.(2)Improving the livelihood level of pastoralists and extending the animal husbandry industry chain,using the way of strengthening vocational skills training to promote non-agricultural employment of pastoralists.(3)Promoting Supply-side economics Reform of Grassland Ecological Protection and Animal Husbandry in China,improving policy efficiency and reducing the economic motivation to the overload of small and medium-sized herdsmen.