Local Practice Of Agricultural Pollution Control And Its Multiple Dilemmas

Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has taken off rapidly,and the process of industrialization and urbanization has advanced rapidly.However,while achieving economic growth,China's ecological environment has also paid a heavy price.During the process,in order to reduce the environmental and social costs brought by China's economic growth,a large number of environmental policies and regulations have been introduced to balance the tension between economic development and environmental protection since the 1980 s.However,China's environmental governance is increasingly showing a profound paradox:the central government's environmental policies and regulations cannot be “landed”in local environmental governance.This is not only reflected in the control of industrial pollution sources,but also in agricultural pollution control.Unlike industry's processing of natural resources and raw materials,the output of agriculture comes from living plants and animals.This makes agricultural production have deep natural attributes,making agricultural pollution control unable to break away from the complexity of the natural dimension.At the same time,agriculture is a way of life for rural residents and their families.It is also an important part of the “ three rural issues”and a basic industry of the country.Therefore,the study of local practice of agricultural pollution control is of considerable value.This paper takes the local practice of agricultural pollution control as the research object,and analyzes the dilemmas and its causes in the process ofenvironmental governance.The study finds that under the local governance structure dominated by cities and counties,local governance practices have inherent defects:the asymmetry of Financial ability and responsibility,the ills of Campaign-styled governance and the modification of governance behavior.These local governance deficiencies constitute the three dilemmas of agricultural pollution control together with the three social and economic attributes involved in agricultural pollution(including environmental externalities,industrial weakness and location marginality).The first is the incentive dilemma of source governance under the constraints of urban-rural relations,which is manifested in the enthusiasm of scale growers and the expectation of decentralized farmers is decreasing.The second is the conventional dilemma of governance.Under the increasing political pressure,local environmental governance tends to be more short-term and Campaign-styled,and the long-term mechanisms are difficult to establish.Finally,the constraint dilemma of the governance system refers to the alienation of environmental governance such as local government behavior that greatly reduces the weak industries.How to resolve these dilemmas and move towards the “turning point”of governance will depend on the continuous improvement of China's governance capacity.