The Effect Of Outsourcing On Environmental Pollution Study In China's Manufacturing Industry

China has become the largest OEM platform in the world,deeply participating to the global value chain production,especially in the manufacturing industry.However,China's manufacturing industry is still in the production of low added value in the global value chain,high strength and high consumption of intensive use of resources to the environment has caused tremendous pressure.In this context,it is of great significance to explore the environmental pollution effects of outsourcing in China's manufacturing industry.Starting from the degree of "outsourcing intensity" of China's participation in the global value chain division of labor,we use the dynamic fixed effect and threshold regression model to study the scale,structure and technology effect of outsourcing intensity on environmental pollution by using the panel data of15 major manufacturing industries and sub-industries in China during the year from2001 to 2014.Firstly,based on the traditional theory of environmental trade,the environmental effects of free trade are divided into scale effect,structure effect and technology effect.The environmental effects of manufacturing outsourcing in China are also analyzed from these three effects.Secondly,considering that the enterprises undertaking outsourcing in China are mainly foreign-funded enterprises and the outsourcing business of these foreign-funded enterprises is affected by the increasing domestic environmental regulation,this paper assumes that the level of foreign direct investment and domestic environmental regulation will affect the three effects of outsourcing on environmental pollution.Then,based on the panel data of 15 major manufacturing industries and sub-industries in China from the year of 2001 to 2014,this paper uses the threshold model proposed by Hansen(1999)to test whether the above assumptions conform to the rule of empirical data.Finally,the empirical resultsof scale effect,structure effect and technology effect of outsourcing on environmental pollution in China's manufacturing industry are analyzed in different intervals of threshold value division obtained by threshold regression.The results show that:(1)the foreign direct investment(FDI)threshold has no significant effect on the scale and structural effects of outsourcing on environmental pollution in the whole industry,and has a significant impact on the technical effects : outsourcing through technology effects on the direction of industrial emissions is positive,and its positive impact degree gradually weakens with the continuous improvement of FDI;(2)environmental regulation threshold variables have a significant impact on the environmental pollution effect of outsourcing in the whole industry:the direction of the scale effect of outsourcing intensity on industrial waste gas discharge is U-shaped curve with the increasing of environmental regulation level.Outsourcing through the structure and technology effects on the direction of industrial emissions is positive,and its positive impact degree gradually weakens with the continuous improvement of environmental regulation.(3)FDI and environmental regulation have significant impact on the scale effect,structure effect and technology effect of outsourcing on environmental pollution in pollution-intensive industries.The effect direction of outsourcing on industrial exhaust emissions is N-shaped curve with the increasing of FDI.The effect direction of outsourcing on industrial exhaust emissions is positive.With the increasing of FDI,the degree of influence gradually weakens.In addition,environmental regulation has a positive impact on the scale effect of outsourcing on environmental pollution in pollution-intensive industries,and the scale effect of outsourcing will increase the growth rate of industrial exhaust emissions with the enhancement of environmental regulation level.Other effect paths are similar to those of the industry as a whole.(4)FDI and environmental regulation have no significant impact on the scale effect,structural effect and technological effect of outsourcing on environmental pollution in clean industries.The inspirations are as follows:(1)For the long-term development of the country and the industry,the local government should encourage the manufacturing industry,especially the pollution-intensive industry,to introduce clean foreign capital,accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure of the industry to the clean industrial structure through technology spillover,and improve the utilization rate of industrial resources,thereby improving the environmental quality.(2)When formulating environmental regulation policies,the state needs to combine more realistic conditions of industry development level,pollution emission level and industry attributes to select more flexible environmental regulation tools,and set a reasonable range of environmental regulation to help achieve coordinated economic and ecological development,improve China's environmental quality and accelerate economic development.