Analysis Of Total Factor Productivity And Influencing Factors In China's Shipbuilding Industry

The shipbuilding industry is known as the "equipment industry facing the sea",which has the characteristics of great industrial relevance and creating more employment opportunities.It has the characteristics of great industrial relevance and creating more employment opportunities.Shipbuilding industry is a strategic industry in China.It not only provides transportation for energy transportation,but also provides technical support for national defense construction and national defense security,and provides tools and facilities for other industries.At the same time,the shipbuilding industry is the only industry in China's heavy industry that can be in the leading position in the world and compete with the world's advanced level.Before the 1980 s,the main object of China's shipbuilding industry was domestic ships.Since the 1990 s,with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy,the export proportion of China's shipbuilding industry has been continuously increasing,and it has become a typical export-oriented economy.Its share in the global shipbuilding market has also increased,and once leaped to the top of the world shipbuilding industry.Today,China is still a big shipbuilding country,and the world's three major shipbuilding indicators often occupy the first place in the world.However,compared with Japan,Korea and other shipbuilding powers,China's shipbuilding industry still has a lot of gaps in high-tech,high value-added ships and other areas,these areas with the improvement of the level of human life demand accounted for an increasing share of the international ship market.In the face of such a new form of ship market,China's shipbuilding industry should first understand the production efficiency of the industry,encourage shipbuilding enterprises to enter the era of quality rather than quantity,actively adapt to the new industrial environment,conform to the development trajectory of the times,develop new ideas for the development of the shipbuilding industry,and seize the opportunities of high-end market through transformation and upgrading,in order to stabilize the international market share of the domestic shipbuilding industry.Get rid of the problems you face.In recent years,China's shipbuilding industry is facing an increasing urgency of transformation and upgrading.As an important part of changing the mode of economic growth and improving the quality of growth,it is usually used to measure the total factor productivity of an industry.As a decomposition index of total factor productivity,what are the changes of technological efficiency and technological progress? What are the factors that affect the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry?What measures should be taken to further improve the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry? These are the questions that this article tries to answer,and also the original intention of this article.Based on the theory of economic growth and productivity,this paper makes an empirical study by using the methods of statistics and econometrics.Firstly,based on the data of 15 shipbuilding provinces and municipalities from 2004 to 2015,the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry is calculated by using DEA-Malmquist index method.The total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry is decomposed into four indicators: comprehensive technical efficiency,technological progress,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency to analyze the internal causes of the growth of total factor productivity of shipbuilding industry.The results show that,in the long run,technology is the main factor of total factor productivity growth Progress is the main driving force for the growth of total factor productivity in shipbuilding industry,and from the perspective of short-term fluctuations,the growth of total factor productivity in shipbuilding industry is vulnerable to the interaction between technological efficiency and technological progress.At the same time,the growth motive force of total factor productivity of shipbuilding industry in different regions will be different.The main growth motive force of total factor productivity of shipbuilding industry in eastern region is technological progress,and the main growth motive force of total factor productivity of shipbuilding industry in central and western region is the comprehensive influence of technological progress and technological efficiency.Secondly,the convergence test of the total factor productivity growth of the shipbuilding industry in 15 provinces and municipalities shows that the spatial difference of shipbuilding industry development between provinces(municipalities,autonomous regions)in China is becoming smaller and smaller,and tends to be balanced.There is a "catch-up effect" among the total factor productivity,comprehensive technical efficiency,technological progress,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the shipbuilding industry in all regions of China.Thirdly,some external factors are selected to analyze the factors affecting the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry.It is found that GDP,export dependence and investment in science and technology development have a positive impact on the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry,while the level of investment in social fixed assets has a negative impact on the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry.Gross domestic product(GDP)has the greatest impact on the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry,and investment in scientific and technological development has the smallest impact on it.In view of the above analysis,the last part of this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the total factor productivity of the shipbuilding industry,which are carried out from four aspects: adjusting the fixed investment structure of the society,promoting technological progress,accelerating the optimization and upgrading of the shipbuilding product structure,and continuing to adhere to and expand the opening up.In adjusting the structure of social fixed investment,we should integrate the remaining resources of existing ship production equipment,reduce investment in fixed assets of low-end ship products and mid-end ship products,strengthen and improve investment management methods,and effectively prevent duplication of construction.Promoting technological progress includes: giving full play to the leading role of the government in the construction of technological innovation system;determining the main position of shipbuilding enterprises in technological innovation system;and strengthening the combination of industry,education and research.In order to accelerate the optimization and upgrading of ship product structure,we should establish an effective quality management system to improve economic competitiveness,and vigorously develop the non-public economy guided by the international ship market demand.Continue to adhere to and expand the opening up,including: reducing the process of resource approval,establishing a more open market economy system;concentrating on fostering and promoting the birth of more large brands of shipbuilding enterprises.Compared with previous studies on total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry,this paper has the following innovations:(1)Referring to the relevant research on TFP measurement at home and abroad,considering the particularity and comprehensiveness of TFP measurement inshipbuilding industry,the selection of measurement indicators is different.Three indicators are selected in input variables and two indicators are selected in output variables.(2)On the basis of previous literatures,this paper analyses the changes of total factor productivity in China's shipbuilding industry from different perspectives,and puts forward some new opinions and conclusions.(3)Compared with previous studies,the internal and external factors affecting the total factor productivity of China's shipbuilding industry are systematically analyzed.The internal factors include scale factor,technology factor,etc.The external factors include the level of social fixed investment,international market demand,macroeconomic situation and investment in scientific and technological development.