A Study On The Design Countermeasures Of Spatial Marginalization Phenomenon Of Institutional Pension Facilities

With the great acceleration of China’s aging process,the pension has become the focus attention issue for the whole society.The pension service system needs to be continuously improved and developed,the functions and status of the institution’s pension facilities are becoming more and more important.However,China’s institutional pension facilities are not yet perfect,many problems need to be solved.Among them,the problem of spatial marginalization of pension facilities is particularly prominent.Most of this phenomenon is reflected in the lack of organic interaction between the institutional pension facilities system and the urban space system,the rigid separation and lack of connection with urban functions and urban space.Institutional pension facilities themselves also showed the tendency of insufficient openness,exclusion and self-closure,which made them become isolated islands in cities.Under the background of the aggravation of aging degree and the increasing demand for pension old-age care,the construction of institutional pension facilities in China is about to usher in a new peak.If this situation continues,it will certainly cause damage to the living quality and physical and mental health of the elderly in institutional pension facilities.Therefore,it is urgent and necessary to systematically study and analyze the spatial marginalization of institutional pension facilities,and then explore effective design optimization strategies suitable for China’s national conditions.In view of this problem,the author took Qingdao city as an example to conduct an in-depth study on the institutional pension facilities in the city,and obtained a large number of primary data,in order to explore the design strategy of optimizing the spatial marginalization phenomenon of institutional pension facilities from the perspective of profession,and provide some assistance for the construction of China’s pension facilities.The full text is divided into five chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly explained the study background,study purpose and significance,study status,study method and technical route,and studyframework.The second chapter is the basic study part,which analyzed the status of population aging in Qingdao,the planning and construction of the institutional pension facilities in Qingdao,and the demand for elderly care services in Qingdao.In the third chapter,from the perspective of macro-city,the phenomenon of spatial marginalization of institutional pension facilities at macro-level is analyzed from two aspects:namely,the lack of urban vitality in the spatial distribution area of institutional pension facilities and the difficulty of institutional pension facilities borrowing the peripheral public service facilities.In the fourth chapter,on microcosmic construction scale,it classified the spatial form of institutional pension facilities,and analyzed and presented the spatial marginalization phenomenon of institutional pension facilities on the micro level combined with study cases from four aspects,including as,the facilities are enclosed by walls,the facilities are enclosed by buildings,the facilities have no independent site space and the facilities’ spatial location is blocked.The fifth chapter combined with the above analysis conclusions to summarize the design countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the institutional pension facilities spatial marginalization phenomenon.In the aspect of planning and design,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from three aspects,including as,optimizing the location and layout of facility space,improving the urban space around facilities and promoting the mixed-use of facility functions.At the level of architectural design,the author put forward three design principles,namely,interface opening,shared space and organic transition,and combining with the above design principles,also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions from the four aspects of building itself,facilities and sites,site boundary and facilities function.Finally,some supplementary suggestions on supporting and coordinating the operation and management of institutional pension facilities are put forward by the author as well.