| The regions of central and western Inner Mongolia include Hohhot,Baotou,Erdos,Bayannaoer,Wuhai and Alxa League,in which there are plateaus,plains,mountains and deserts.Nomadic civilization and farming civilization have collided and merged here.Therefore the rural settlements here carry a rich regional culture.For a long time,the rural settlements in the central and western parts of Inner Mongolia have been in a spontaneous evolution,fully adapting to the local natural and human environment.Affected by the acceleration of China’s urbanization process,during the process of rural construction in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia,there has been a phenomenon of large-scale demolition and construction that is divorced from reality,neglected regional culture,and wasted regional resources.This paper takes the rural settlements in the central and western Inner Mongolia as the research object,classifies and compares the different types of settlements in the region,and explores the essential reasons for the differences in spatial form formation.It is proposed to help provide rural construction in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia with a valuable reference.Influenced by the topography,climate precipitation,production and lifestyle,the settlement patterns in the central and western parts of Inner Mongolia have different characteristics.This paper chooses the topography as the basis for geographical division,and divides the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia into three research areas: Yinshan mountain and Grassland in the north of Yinshan mountain area,Hetao plain area and Alashan desertification area.By investigating the 102 settlements in these three research areas,it is found that the Yinshan mountain and Grassland in the north of Yinshan mountain area are dominated by strip-type settlements,the Hetao Plain area is dominated by group-type settlements,and the Alashan desertification area is dominated by hash-type settlements.In these three research areas,representative settlements were selected to interpret their spatial morphological features from the seven levels of settlement location,overall layout,settlement boundary,road system,public space,courtyard space and traditional residential architecture.A comprehensive study of the space form comes to the conclusion of the common characteristics,which indicate that the settlements and residential buildings are constructed in accordance with the laws of nature,adapted to local conditions,simple and practical.The differences are mainly reflected in the following aspects.Firstly,the settlements in the Yinshan mountain and Grassland in the north of Yinshan mountain area are constructed according to the landform,and the residences are distributed along valleys or roads,which presents a linear layout feature.Secondly,the settlements in the Hetao plain area select flat areas which are suitable for cultivation for construction.The space form in these area take the road as the basic skeleton,presenting a cluster-like layout and showing high concentration of residential buildings and strong sense of settlement center.Moreover,the settlement of the Alashan desertification area is attached to the oasis,demonstrating highly dispersed residential buildings,irregular utilization of the scope of land,obscure center and weak sense of space.These differences are mainly caused by the combination of topography,climate precipitation,and production and lifestyle.The difference in topography and landform affects the location of the settlement and the overall spatial layout.Climate and precipitation mainly influence the construction of traditional houses,and production and lifestyle influence the scale of living space.The sorting of spatial pattern of rural settlements in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia,and the comparative study of the spatial forms of different types of settlements,and the exploring of essential reasons for the formation of differences can provide a basis for rural construction in this region. |
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