| The comprehensive management model with small watersheds as the unit is an important experience for China 's soil and water conservation cause.Planning and design are the basis and action guide for comprehensive management.Whether it is scientific or not directly determines the governance effect.As the national key prevention area of Tongbai Dabie Mountain,the monitoring results of soil and water loss in 2018 show that the area of soil and water loss is 11259km2,and it is urgent to carry out small watershed planning.In view of this,this article takes the Shijiahe small watershed in Huoshan County,Dabie Mountain as the research object,based on 0.5m resolution remote sensing images and local drone aerial orthophotos,to perform land use interpretation and soil erosion determination,and to clarify the current status of small watersheds and There is a problem.Combined with the demand analysis,the landscape spatial pattern of “one pulse,three areas and four patches” was proposed,and typical governance measures were designed according to the characteristics of different regions to realize the Shijiahe soil and water conservation landscape planning and design plan,with a view to providing planning and design for the small watershed in the Dabie Mountain area Certain reference value.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)A basic database for small watershed planning and design has been established.Based on small watershed boundary lines,high-resolution remote sensing images,digital elevation models,vegetation types,soil types and other related data and basic information,based on the Arc GIS technology platform,human-machine sketches are used to interpret and interpret land-use plots.Photographic verification,collecting,editing,and processing spatial information such as the spatial position and spatial relationship of various blocks and attribute information such as land use,vegetation coverage,slope and slope length,and soil erosion intensity,and a small watershed basic geographic information database was constructed.Measures are designed to provide an accurate source of underlying data.(2)The planning goals of the Shijiahe small watershed were clarified.Based on the analysis of the current situation of small watersheds,combined with local needs,the concept of water ecological civilization is used to improve water conservation and soil ecological functions.Taking water and soil conservation as the core,improving the current status of land use structure,improving the quality of the ecological environment,and enhancing the landscape effect in the watershed for planning purposes,taking advantage of local culture and customs and traditional history,and turning small watersheds into water and soil conservation,ecological sustainability,and landscape The safety-integrated ecological agriculture demonstration area and the folk leisure tourism sightseeing experience area.(3)The landscape pattern of small watersheds and the spatial layout of soil and water conservation measures were constructed.According to the characteristics of small watersheds,innovative typical models,combined with water and soil loss in the watershed and the current status of the ecological environment,a landscape pattern of "one vein,three patches and four zones" was proposed.Based on the overall landscape pattern,a rational analysis of different areas was carried out,corresponding soil and water conservation engineering measures and biological measures were set up,and the construction of terraced fields,river(ditch)water ecological projects,closed control projects,and village living environment improvement projects were The spatial layout of soil and water conservation measures in the integrated small watershed ensures the safety of ecology,production and life in the watershed.(4)The design of soil and water conservation engineering measures for small watersheds was completed.After completing the layout of soil and water conservation measures,conforming to the natural spatial pattern of natural mountains,water systems,and landforms in small watersheds,and deeply exploring local folk cultural values,the project of terraced fields,river(ditch)water ecological engineering,closure control projects,The village human settlement environment improvement project has designed specific measures to integrate the local landscape features,improve the carrying capacity of tourism,tourism and recreation,and form a set of characteristic watershed soil and water conservation measures systems that meet local conditions. |
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