| One of the main concerns for many rural areas in Mali is easily access to safe and sustainable water sources.Mali,like other countries in the world,also faces to the water resource deficit due to many factors.In this study,household water management focuses on the quantity of water consumption,quality and sources of household water;and water related issues in Pelengana.To address these problems,many international,regional and local water supply development organizations are currently working to improve the level of access of local populations to safe and sustainable sources of water.In 2002,the West Africa Water Initiative(WAWI)was launched in Mali for a broad partnership which consists of promoting the various organizations working in the area of water supply development in the region of Segou.The rural areas of Mali are characterized by overcrowding,poor dwelling,and inadequate water and sanitation.In this kind of situations,waterborne diseases which are generally associated with weak hygiene and sanitation can assign most of the population.Therefore access to safe drinking water and suitable sanitation is a priority.However,data from different health centers of Pelengana commune has identified waterborne diseases as the main diseases that affect this community living in different camps of internally displaced people.To solve this problem,many governmental and nongovernmental efforts are associated to ameliorate the quality of water management.The objective of this study was to analyze the quantity of water consumption in households through the participants daily life and conservation practice,and make microbiological analyze on water quality,and finally suggest solutions to improve water management conditions.The information,the direct interview,the questionnaires,the observations and the water samples from the field surveys constitute the methodological stages for data collection in Pelengana.In total,480 residents composed to 280 females and 200 males from three villages in the commune of Pelengana were taken to conduct this study.13 questionnaires incomplete were not taken into account and 467 complete questionnaires including 272 females and 195 males have been recorded.The first data were processed to ANOVA followed by post-hoc LSD tests and structural equation model were used to analyze different data.The result showed that the amount of water consumption for women was more twice greater(90.17 Liters per capita day)(Lpcd)than for men(42.43 Lpcd),especially for agricultural tasks(vegetable and garden watering)(23.87±8.74 Lpcd),kitchen use(14.10±4.82 Lpcd),laundry(12.50±4.57 Lpcd),and drinking and personal hygiene(11.40±2.39 Lpcd).Regarding other activities including home yard cleaning,showering,and livestock,women respondents evenly used more water compared to the men responders;the second analysis focused to determine the microbiological quality of different commonly used water sources.including boreholes,hand pumps,surface water,household containers,dug well and cement reservoirs in Pelengana commune,in Mali with special reference to the internally displaced people camps.Results revealed that the three indicators bacteria(Total Coli form(48.7%),Fecal Coli form(100%),and Fecal enterococci(37.01%))were found above permissible limit for drinking water.The highest number of the indicators bacteria found was1800TC/100 ml water.Enteric bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli(25.7%),Enterococcus fecalis(21.91%),Bacillus(16.72%),Enterobacter(4.56%)and Citrobacter(3.91%).At last study suggest some recommendations for improving water situation in Pelengana. |
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