Research On Risk Management And Control System Of Ammonia Refrigeration Enterprises

With the increasingly prominent environmental problems,ammonia refrigerant both of which ozone depletion potential and global warming potential are zero has been widely used in refrigeration industry.Meanwhile,liquid ammonia accidents occur frequently,once an accident occurs,it will bring immeasurable losses to social development and people's production and life based on the poisonousness and hazard characteristics of combustion and explosion of ammonia.As we all know,the process of ammonia refrigeration technology is complicated,the number of ammonia enterprises is huge,and the scale and the level of work safety management of them are different.Under the circumstances,how to improve the work safety capacity of enterprises,reduce the risk of production safety accidents,decrease the occurrence of casualties and property damage accidents have become a severe problem faced by enterprises.In order to create a safe and healthy working environment for employees of enterprises,strengthen the work safety of enterprises and minimize the occurrence of production safety accidents,this paper takes ammonia refrigeration enterprises as the research object,starting from the perspective of risk management and control,with a view to building an effective and practical risk management and control system for ammonia refrigeration enterprises in China.Firstly,the risk of ammonia refrigeration enterprises is analyzed and then combined with the risk analysis results and previous accidents situation,the risk management and control system of ammonia refrigeration based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is constructed.Secondly,the weight of each index of the system is calculated by Delphi method and MATLAB software.Finally,the comprehensive risk assessment of an ammonia refrigeration project in Wuhan is carried out by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,and the overall production situation and shortcomings of the enterprise are obtained.The main contents of this paper include the following three aspects:(1)Through the theoretical study on relevant knowledge of ammonia refrigerationenterprises,the principle of refrigeration technology and main equipment and facilities of the enterprises are understood based on the collected datum and literatures.Then the risks of ammonia refrigeration enterprises are identified and analyzed from four aspects of refrigerant ammonia substance,refrigeration technologies,refrigeration equipment and safety management,and the common risk assessment methods for ammonia refrigeration enterprises are summarized.(2)Combining with the risk analysis results of ammonia refrigeration enterprises and the production safety accidents of liquid ammonia in the past,the risk management and control system of ammonia refrigeration enterprises based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is constructed,the contents of each index of the system are introduced,and its specific application in risk management and control of ammonia refrigeration enterprises is analyzed.The system consists of three layers,the target layer is risk management and control system of ammonia refrigeration enterprises,criteria layer includes six aspects,namely risk analysis and classification,hidden danger investigation and governance,safety education and training,risk management,emergency rescue and occupational health,and element layer has 26 indicators.The construction of risk management and control system can provide technical support for work safety of ammonia refrigeration enterprises and other industries.(3)The weights of each index of the risk management and control system of ammonia refrigeration enterprises are calculated by using Delphi method,analytic hierarchy process and MATLAB software.And then the comprehensive risk of enterprise is evaluated by using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation combining with an example of an ammonia refrigeration project in Wuhan.According to the evaluation results,the comprehensive evaluation grade of the enterprise is in a better level,and there are still many shortcomings in the aspects of “risk classification”,“hidden danger declaration”,“hidden danger governance”,“education and training of redeployed personnel”,“risk management informatization”,“occupational disease declaration” and “occupationalhazard control” at present.In order to improve the overall level of enterprise risk management and control,strengthen the work safety of enterprises,the relevant responsible persons of enterprises should take corresponding countermeasures in response to existing problems,especially to strengthen the investigation and governance of hidden danger,and pay attention to the progress of all aspects of work from time to time.Applying analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to the risk management and control of ammonia refrigeration enterprises can not only comprehensively analyze the work safety level of enterprises,find out the shortcomings,but also be another innovation of refrigeration industry,which has important guiding significance for risk management and control of ammonia enterprises and other industries in China.