Research On The Equity Evaluation Of Conventional Public Transportation System

Urban conventional public transport system shoulders the responsibility of providing opportunities for all residents to participate in social activities.Improving the equity of the conventional public transport system can narrow the gap of citizens that travelling by public transport in terms of equal travelling opportunities and can meet the growing travelling demand.Therefore,the study on the equity of transportation,especially the equity of conventional public transportation system,is of great significance for the more equitable distribution of public transportation resources and meeting the travel needs of residents better.Starting from the equity theory and relative deprivation theory in sociology,the inconsistency between value expectation and value ability is considered as the main reason for feeling unfairness.Applied to urban conventional public transport system,it can be understood as the inconsistency between the existing resources and the expected resources obtained by individuals or crowds.Combined with the study of bus travelers' concerns,the equity of conventional bus system in this thesis is defined as the degree of existing public transport supply and service that bus travelers can obtain for their own concerns.On the basis of analyzing the definition of conventional public transport system's equity,this thesis uses multiple correspondence analysis to determine residents' concerns about the fairness of bus travelling,divides the investigated population into four categories,and analyzes the characteristics and reasons of the concerns.According to the principles of indicator selection,a certain number of evaluation indicators are selected based on the travelers' concerns,which are the waiting time,line layout,site distribution,transferring,service frequency and comfortable level.An evaluation system of urban public transit fairness is established,and the calculation methods of each indicator and classifications are also determined according to the relevant specifications and survey data.This thesis compares the advantages and disadvantages of different evaluation methods and applications which are commonly used,and selects the matter-element extension method.It can well quantify and evaluate the equity of public transport system and the results can reflect the extent of each indicator subordinating to fairness intuitively.So matter-element extension evaluation model is applied to the evaluation of the fairness of public transport system,and the procedure of evaluating urban public transit's fairness is also put forward in this thesis.Dongshan conventional public transport system is used as an example for analyzing the equity of conventional public transport system,in Jiangning district of Nanjing city.ArcGIS is used as a tools for calculating the evaluation indicators in each district,which are divided according to some principles.The overall equity and the crowd equity are calculated by the matter-element extension evaluation model,and the level of conventional public transport equity and the characteristic values are also computed.Based on population density,the geographically weighted regression model in ArcGIS is used to explore the relationship between each traffic district's equity and the population density in the study area,the traffic districts with lower level of equity are also identified.The results show that the fairness level of bus-line layout,site distribution and frequency is low,combining the distribution results of the fairness level of various groups in each traffic area,this thesis argues that the line layout,site distribution and service frequency of the conventional public transport system in the research area should be improved and the improvement measures should give priority to the districts which the equity value is lower than the predicted one.In terms of equity,this thesis puts forward several suggestions for improving the layout and the service of the conventional public transport system,provides some references for the rational allocation of conventional public transport resources and the improvement of traveler's perception.