Model Test Study On Dam Break Mechanism And Protective Measures Of Tailings Reservoir

The tailings pond is a relatively important infrastructure in the development of China's mining industry,and its development has an irreplaceable status to the economy.However,the tailings pond is a dangerous source of high potential energy,and its location is generally built in a valley surrounded by mountains on three sides.At the same time,the safe operating state of the tailings pond has great security guarantees for the infrastructure and residents' living areas in the downstream areas.Due to the uneven distribution of the types of accumulated sand in the tailings pond,the mechanical properties of the dam body are more complicated,so it is of great significance to study the blocking and diversion protection measures of the tailings dam's tailings sand.In this paper,a heightened and expanded tailings pond is used as a prototype,and a tailings dam breakout model test under the failure of the drainage system is carried out.The method of combining software simulation and model test is used to monitor the debris flow evolution and block diversion protection Study the protective effects.The main tasks include:(1)Study the research results related to the causes and mechanisms of dam collapse of domestic and foreign tailings ponds,and summarize the current research progress on model tests and blocking and diversion prevention and control measures of domestic tailings ponds.It provides a reference for the development of model test related work in this paper.(2)Taking a heightened and expanded tailings pond as an engineering example,a physical geotechnical test is performed on the prototype sand sample to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the prototype sand.Based on the similarity criterion,a suitable model sand is selected and its related similar indicators and starting flow rates are determined to provide data for the development of model tests.(3)Set up a tailings pond test model in the laboratory based on field design data,and carry out a dam breaking test of the tailings pond due to drainage failure.Describe the whole process of dam breach and the dam breach mechanism.Its main failure forms and mechanisms are: pipe surge failure,overflow erosion damage,and collapse mechanisms on both sides of the fracture.(4)Taking the breakout volume formed by the dam break test as the breakout body,by arranging different forms of blocking diversion protection measures,studying the submerged area of the tailings pond in the case of instantaneous total collapse,and discussing the effects of blocking diversion protection measures.(5)Based on the existing prototype tailings pond design data,a CFD simulation software is used to establish a three-dimensional model of the dam breach of the tailings pond,and the numerical simulation of the dam-break debris flow is carried out,and compared with the results of physical tests.By analyzing the flooded tailings sands under different blocking and diversion protection measures,the effect of blocking and diversion protection measures on downstream village protection was further verified.