Study On Ecological Compensation Mechanism Of Collective Public Welfare Forest In The Second Phase Natural Forest Protection Projec

Since the objectives,principles and tasks of ecological civilization construction were put forward in the 18th CPC National Congress,as the strategic decision of five-in-one,ecological civilization construction has been integrated into the whole process of political,economic,social and cultural construction.But at present,the level of ecological civilization construction was still lower than the level of economic and social development.The environment of resource constraint tightened.The ecological system was of degradation.The contradiction between economic development and resource environment was increase but no decrease.These problem became the bottleneck of restricting the sustainable development of social and economic.As an important part of ecological civilization construction,ecological compensation was an effective means to mobilize the societal enthusiasm of environmental protection,was also an important part of ecological civilization construction.In 2011,China launched the second phrase Nature Forest Protection Project for ten years.With the further promotion of collective forest tenure reform in the area of Nature Forest Protection Project,there requested integrating the policy of ecological compensation,forest management compensation with collective forest tenure reform.Collective public welfare forest of the area of Nature Forest Protection Project in our country has begun to implement the ecological compensation project of national priority non-commercial forest since 2011 and the ecological compensation policy.From the benefit object,the majority of farmers were the main body of collective forest management,the benefit object of ecological compensation was wide;from the implementation process,the ecological compensation of collective public welfare forest was a system engineering,which involved the many stakeholders,for example the nation,local government and functional departments,village collective,Rangers or farmers;from the realization of forest right;although collective forest tenure reform made the farmers owning the rights of management,using and earning,but the policy of forest limit cutting or prohibition made the farmers not to achieve their property income.Therefore,it was imperative to establish and improve the ecological compensation mechanism of collective public welfare forest.This paper was based on Economics,Management science,Forestry,Ecology and other theories,and made systematic research on ecological compensation of collective public welfare forest of the area of Nature Forest Protection Project.There were research contents and results:(1)On the basis of systematically combing the domestic and international research review of forest ecological compensation mechanism,this paper expounded the basic concepts,theoretical basis and basic principles of ecological compensation of collective public welfare forest of the area of Nature Forest Protection Project.(2)This paper constructed the ecological compensation of collective public welfare forest of the area of Nature Forest Protection Project.,and lay the theoretical foundation for the operation of the ecological compensation mechanism.(3)This paper calculated the value of the ecosystem service function of collective public welfare forest of the area of Nature in Jingbian county during 1998-2015,the calculation results showed that by the end of 2015,the total value amount of the ecosystem service function of collective public welfare forest were 52 billion 668 million 460 thousand yuan,an average annual value were 2 billion 926 million,and with the construction of collective public welfare forest gradually advancing,the ecological benefit of collective public welfare forest increased year by year.(4)There were using the opportunity cost method,the forest ecosystem service function value method and dynamic adjustment coefficient method to calculate the ecological compensation standard of collective public welfare forest of Jingbian County,Yulong Country and Xiuwen Country.The different measurement methods made the calculation results of the ecological compensation standard different,and the choice of compensation standard was phased.(5)The paper analyzed the specific conditions of ecological compensation mechanism of collective public welfare forest in Jingbian County,Yulong Country and Xiuwen Country.Compared with the ecological compensation mechanism which has been constructed,the paper found that there had many problems,as elements of ecological compensation mechanism was not perfect,stakeholder participation was not enough,the market compensation mechanism and legal mechanism were not perfect,the property right was not clear,the implementation of the benefit evaluation of ecological construction system was not in place,the concept of ecological civilization construction of the the farmers the project area was of weak.(6)This paper gave following policy suggestions,as perfect ecological compensation elements of mechanism,deepen participation of stakeholders,improve the market compensation mechanism,clear property rights,perfect the legal system of ecological compensation,made the benefit evaluation of ecological construction system into implementation and strengthen policy advocacy.