Study On The Technology Of Banana Leaves And Stems Fermenation And Application In Geese Feed

This experiment was conducted to study the technology of banana stems and leaves fermentation and its application in goose feed.Provides some data reference for the research of utilization of banana byproducts.The experiment consist of 3 parts.?1?Study on optimal solid state fermentation conditions of banana stems and leaves powder.C hoosing Aspergillus oryzae and Candida utilis as fermentation strains to investigate the influences of 4 factors?single strain fermentation,?NH₄?2SO₄,proportion of Aspergillus oryzae and Candida utilis,inoculation amount?to the protein of banana stems and leaves powder after fermentation gradually.Using orthogonal design to find out the optimal combination of fermentation temperature,time and substrate moisture?n=6?.?2?Study on the silage method of banana stems and leaves.The experiment includines 3experiment groups?0.02g freeze dried powder of lactobacillus/kg banana stems and leaves,0.2g cellulase/kg banana stems and leaves,0.02g freeze dried powder of lactobacillus+0.2g cellulase/kg banana stems and leaves?and a control group.?3?Study on the application of banana leaves and stems silage in the diet of Sichuan white goslings.In total,792?male and female each half?1-d-old Sichuan white geese were randomly allocated into 36 pens of 22 goslings/pen?n=6 pens/treatment?differing in proportion of banana leaves and stems silage?dry matter?in the diets?control,2%,4%,6%,8%,10%?.At 21 days of age,6 birds per group were euthanized to collect samples.The experiment results showed that:?1?Using Aspergillus oryzae or Candida utilis as fermentation strain respectively?P<0.05?can significantly increase the crude protein content of banana stems and leaves powder.Fermentation with slightly?NH₄?2SO₄ addition can significantly?P<0.01?increase protein extremely,especially 2%addition.The net protein increased significantly?P<0.05?treating with the proportion of Aspergillus oryzae and Candida utilis by 2:1 comparing with the proportion of 1:1,1:3 and 3:2.The results of orthogonal test showed that the best fermentation condition are inoculating with 4%mixture?the proportion of Aspergillus oryzae and Candida utilis by 2:1?and 2%?NH₄?2SO₄ addition,and fermenting in 50%substrate moisture,30?for 4 days.33.82%crude protein content of banana stems and leaves increased after this fermentation process.The amino acid analysis showed that there are respectively 15 kinds of amino acids increasing differently beside lysine and arginine.The metabolic test results of Magang geese showed that banana stems and leaves protein utilization rate after fermentation significantly increased by 52.66%comparing with the control without fermentation?P<0.01?,additionally,the energy and metabolic energy utilization increased slightly as well.?2?The p H of the lactobacillus group and the cellulose+lactobacillus group were significantly?P<0.05?lower than the cellulase group and control group,cellulase+lactobacillus group was the lowest.The ammonia nitrogen content in the 3 experimental groups were significant?P<0.01?lower than control group and the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen were significantly?P<0.05?lower than control group,the ammonia nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen of the lactobacillus group was the lowest.The lactic acid level were significantly?P<0.01?higher in the experimental groups than in the control group.The crude protein content of banana stems and leaves were not significantly?P>0.05?different after silage,the content of tannin was significantly?P<0.01?lower than before silage.Sensory evaluation results and laboratory evaluation results showed that the quality of silage from high to low in order to cellulase+lactobacillus group?excellent?>lactic acid bacteria group?excellent?>cellulase group?well?>control group?general?.?3?The ADFI in control group were higher?P<0.01?than all experiment groups.BW of control group and 2%,4%,6%groups were significantly higher?P<0.01?than those in8%,10%groups.Additionally there was no statistical significant?P>0.05?difference between control group and 4%group on BW.No difference?P>0.05?was found on F:G between the control group to the experiment groups.There were higher?P<0.05?relative length or weight of gastrointestinal tract in experiment groups than control group.The V:C of group 6%in all small intestine segment were higher?P<0.05?than control group.The muscular thickness of jejunum in birds fed 2%?P<0.05?,4%?P<0.01?,6%?P<0.01?diets were significant higher than contro l group.Moreover,the muscular thickness of ileum in birds fed group 4%diet was higher?P<0.05?than other groups.No difference was found in serum lever of TP,ALB,GGT,HDL between the groups.The serum lever of TG in group2%,4%,6%were obviously lower?P<0.01?than control group.In summery:?1?The nutritional value of banana stems and leaves was improved after this fermentation process but also promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrient by animal.?2?The single silage of banana stems and leaves was feasible,adding to the amount of lactobacillus and cellulase can significantly improve the silage quality.The lactobacillus is an effective silage additive.?3?Banana leaves and stems silage diet will reduce the feedintake and affect the body weight of 1¹4 day old Sichuan whight goose;banana leaves and stems silage in the diet less than 6%?dry matter?could conducive to the development of intestinal tract of 1²1day old Sichuan whight goose.