The Validity Evaluation Of Commercial Forest Redemption From The Perspective Of "Social-Ecology" Systems

Forest resource is one of the most important natural resources in the world.The institutional mechanism of sustainable development of forest resources is a concern topic of the academic community.Scholars have proposed an economic incentive mechanism—the payment mechanism for ecosystem services(PES).PES mechanisms are widely used in developing countries,such as Pagos por Services Ambientales(PS A)in Costa Rica,Sloping Lands Conservation Program(SLCP)and commercial forest redemption policy in China.The commercial forest redemption policy is a measure to continuously deepen the reform of collective forest property right system,which solves the contradiction between the deforestation and the policy,and integrates the ecological,social and economic benefits.Since the implementation of the commercial forest redemption policy,it has achieved certain results,but there are many problems such as low farmers,willingness to participate and lack of scientific assessment.Therefore,based on the field investigations of the four case points of Shunchang,Shaxian,Wuping and Wuyishan,this paper comprehensively analyzes the implementation of commercial forest redemption policy using the "social-ecological" system analysis framework proposed by Elinor Ostrom.Then,the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the ecological performance,social performance and economic performance.Finally,on the basis of performance evaluation,combined with the key variables selected by the "social-ecological" system analysis framework,the logistics model is used to analyze the influencing factors of farmers' willingness to participate,which provides a reference for improving the commercial forest redemption policy,and has reference significance for further promotion of commercial forest redemption policy.The results show that(1)the implementation of the commercial forest redemption policy has produced certain ecological,social and economic performance.It solved the contradiction between the economic needs of farmers and the needs of ecological protection.It has realized a certain degree of ecological,social and economic benefits in short run,but from the perspective of "social-ecological" system,the commercial forest redemption policy may reduce the ecological benefits in long run and further increase the gap between rich and poor.(2)Farmers' willingness to participate is affected by many factors.From the border rules,the size of forest land has a negative impact on the willingness,but excessive refinement of property rights will block most farmers from policy.From the location rules,the farther away from the urban center,the higher the dependency of farmers' forest resources and the lower the willingness of farmers to participate.From aggregation rules and information rules,the farmers'ecological protection awareness and policy fairness have a positive impact on the willingness to participate.Therefore,the local government should start with the system design behind the seven rules.The government should consider the adoption of family forest farms,cooperatives and other intermediary organizations to promote a small area of forest farmers to move closer to the policy.In the formulation,implementation and supervision of the price assessment,the opinions of the farmers are included to make the decision-making process so that the decision-making process is more fair and transparent.The role of informal institutions such as social norms and social capital is promoted to promote the normalization of villagers' environmental protection actions to achieve sustainable development of forest resources.