Impacts Of Climate Change And Host Plant Availability On The Global Potential Distribution Of Brontispa Longissima(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)

Global climate change has become a hot issue of the current environment and has received wide attention from all over the world.Insects are poikilotherm animals.Global climate change eharacterized by rising temperatures posed a series of profound effects on insects,such as changing the geographical distribution of insects.Therefore,identifying the impact of climate change on insects9 potential distribution will provide a theoretical basis for quarantine prevention and control of invasive insects.The coconut hispine beetle,or eoconut beetle,Brontispa longissima(Gestro)(Coleoptera:Hispidae)is a significant pest of palmae plants,especially for coconut(Cocos nucifera L.).The invasion of B.longissima is of great concern and causes great losses in the economy and ecology worldwide.This study was conducted to estimate the impacts of climate change on the possible risk of its spread in the world.The "Compare Location" function in CLIMEX and inverse distance-weighted interpolation(IDW)function of ArcGIS were used to map the global potential distribution based on distribution records,biological data,historical climate data(1987-2016)and simulated future climate data(2071-2100).The main research results are as follows.B.longissima was distributed to each continent under historical climate condition.Most regions in South America and Africa were very favorable region,while most regions in North America,Asia and Europe were unsuitable region.The total area of suitable region occupied the largest proportion in South America and Africa and took up the smallest proportion in North America and Europe.However,a wide range of decrease in suitability occurred in each continent,especially in South America,Africa and Asia.Besides,a slightly increase of suitability only can be observed in a small range in each continent under future condition.The availability of host plants had slight impacts on the El values of B.longissima under historical and future climate conditions,respectively.Besides,the projected potential distribution of B.longissima was restricted by the availability of host plants in some areas,such as Colombia,Myanmar,Cambodia,etc.The change of meteorological factors,especially for temperature factor would have significant influence on climatic suitability of B.longissima when compared with the humidity and precipitation factor.Temperature had a significant and widely impact on climate suitability in global with an obvious variation in suitability.Most regions of the world were mainly affected by temperature factor,among which,Brazil,Venezuela,Bolivia,etc.were affected by humidity and temperature factors,furthermore,the temperature was the main factor.Besides,Pakistan,Uzbekistan,etc.were only influenced by precipitation and temperature factors,and the temperature also posed a greater impact.Moreover,Oman,etc.were merely affected by humidity and precipitation factors.Temperature,humidity and precipitation factors had common effects on United States,Mexico,China,etc.The projected potential distribution of B.longissima will help to determine the impacts of climate change and provide supportive information for management strategies,which will reduce possible economic and ecological losses in the future.