Identification Of The Elite Germplasm On Quality Traits Of Wheat From ICARDA

Germplasm resources are the carrier of excellent genetic resources and the material basis for crop genetic improvement.The identification and excavation of wheat excellent germplasm is not only the premise of wheat basic biology research,but also the key to wheat breeding breakthrough.In this study,213 wheat varieties imported from the International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA)were used as materials to conduct preliminary investigation and analysis of their agronomic traits and quality characteristics,and to screen for excellent germplasm;further,to 52 domestic the approved varieties are referenced,and the preliminary identification and evaluation of the available value of the 213 imported wheats are provided,in order to provide basic data and reference for subsequent development and utilization and variety improvement.The main results are as follows:1.A field agronomic traits survey found that the plant height of Wheat for test was higher,the average value reached 108.83 cm,while the grain 1000-grain weight was smaller,the average value was 24.58 g,while the average plant height of domestic varieties was 84.48 cm,the average grain 1000-grain weight 41.04 g It shows that reducing plant height and increasing 1000-grain weight are the primary goals for improving and utilizing these imported materials;and the investigation of flag leaves found that Wheat for test has an average flag leaf length of 2,0006.68 mm2,which is lower than domestic varieties(average The flag leaf area is 2443.41 mm2),but the variation coefficient of flag leaf area of Wheat for test is large,the genetic diversity is high,the maximum flag leaf area is 4564.83 mm2,and the maximum flag leaf area of domestic varieties is 3779.50 mm2,indicating that Wheat for test is improved in flag leaf.Has a certain value.2.The quality of introduced wheat was analyzed by near-infrared grain quality analyzer.It was found that there were a large number of high-quality and strong-gluten germplasm materials in the introduced wheat.The Wheat for test showed good high protein and high gluten characteristics.The crude protein(dry basis)content of all materials was greater than 11.5%,the gluten(wet basis)content was greater than 22%,and the crude protein(dry basis)content was greater than 15%.The material accounted for 76.53%,the material with gluten(wet basis)content greater than 32% accounted for 69.01%,the sedimentation value was greater than 40 ml and the amount of material with stabilization time greater than 10 min accounted for 76.53% and 84.51% of the total material,respectively.These results indicate that there are excellent high-protein highgluten germplasm resources or strong-gluten wheat potential materials in the materials introduced by ICARDA,which have important utilization value for wheat quality breeding in China.However,the bulk density and flour extraction rate of the imported materials are the most important indicators of wheat.The average weight is 762.09g/L and the average flour extraction rate is 64.78%,which is lower than the domestic promotion varieties.Its bulk density and flour extraction rate are the key directions for the excellent quality and commercialization of this batch of introduced wheat.3.In order to evaluate the potential of these materials for wheat quality improvement,we further analyzed the correlation and path of their quality-related traits.The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the quality index(gluten content,grain crude protein content,flour sedimentation value,dough stabilization time,etc.)affecting the strength of the muscles.These quality indicators including changes in grain starch content during the improvement and cultivation process.Will affect the final strength of the grain.Through principal component and path analysis,it is found that the bulk density is significantly correlated with the 1000-grain weight.Therefore,increasing the 1000-grain weight of this batch of wheat is not only important for its yield increase,but also important for commodity improvement such as bulk density.In summary,through the preliminary investigation and identification of 213 ICARDA introduced wheat germplasm agronomic traits and quality traits,the identification of the excellent germplasm materials,preliminary clarification of the phenotypic characteristics of this batch of materials,laid the foundation for further utilization research;Through comparative analysis with domestic materials,the direction of the available materials can be used and improved.The use of excellent nutrient quality should be emphasized,and the plant height should be reduced without affecting the length of the ear and the length of the ear,and increase the 1000-grain weight and bulk density.Cultivate strong gluten wheat or medium gluten wheat with excellent traits.