| In this experiment,Salvia miltiorrhiza(S.miltiorrhiza)Bunge was taken as the research object,focusing on the late stage of S.miltiorrhiza's growth period.Field experiments were conducted in three regions of Changqing,Gangcheng and Xintai in Shandong Province.Five different water treatments were set up by irrigation and rain shielding:W3(excess water increase treatment),W2(moderate water increase treatment),W1(light water increase treatment),W0(light drought treatment)and CK(natural rainfall treatment).W3 was irrigated three times at 135 days,165 days and 195 days after the transplanting of S.miltiorrhiza,the irrigation amount was 150 m~3/hm~2 each time;W2 was irrigated twice at 135 days and 165days after the transplanting of S.miltiorrhiza,the irrigation amount was 150 m~3/hm~2 each time,and the rain shielding treatment began from 195 days after the transplanting;W1 was irrigated once at 135 days after the transplanting of S.miltiorrhiza,the irrigation amount was100 m~3/hm~2,and the rain shielding treatment began from 165 days after the transplanting;W0began to keep out the rain from 135 days after the transplanting of S.miltiorrhiza;CK did not do any treatment.By analyzing the dry matter accumulation,protective enzyme activity,osmotic adjustment substance content,accumulation and distribution of nutrients,yield formation and quality of S.miltiorrhiza under different soil moisture conditions,we can understand the influence of soil moisture on the growth and quality of S.miltiorrhiza.It provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation of high-yield and high-quality S.miltiorrhiza in the central region of Shandong.The main test results are as follows:1.Effects of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and yield in S.miltiorrhizaIn the late growth stage of S.miltiorrhiza,both W2 and W1 are beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground and roots,W3 had no obvious promotion effect on the accumulation of dry matter above the ground,but inhibited the accumulation of dry matter in the roots.W0 compared with CK,W0 can promote the accumulation of dry matter in the roots.S.miltiorrhiza yield in descending order at harvest time is:W2 and W1>W0>CK>W3,which is consistent with the effect of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation in roots.2.Effects of soil moisture on the protective enzyme activity and MDA content in S.miltiorrhizaThe influences of soil moisture on the activities of the three protective enzymes(SOD,POD and CAT)in S.miltiorrhiza are basically the same.The activities of the three protective enzymes of W3 showed an upward trend,W2 enzyme activity showed an upward trend and then declined,and W1 enzyme activity showed a downward trend,W0 and CK enzyme activities were more stable.The level of MDA content is consistent with the changing rule of protective enzyme activity,excluding the factors of external temperature influence in the later period,W3 MDA content showed a substantial upward trend,W2 MDA content showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and W1 MDA content showed a trend of decreasing first and then slightly increasing,W0 and CK MDA contents were relatively stable.3.Effects of soil moisture on the content of osmotic adjustment substance in S.miltiorrhizaThe influence rule of soil moisture on the soluble protein and soluble sugar content of S.miltiorrhiza is basically the same,and the influence rule of proline content is different from the other two.The changes of soluble protein and soluble sugar content were more obvious in W1 and W2,both showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and the changes were not obvious in other treatments.The content of proline was higher in W3 and W0,and it showed a rising trend in W3.It remained stable at a moderate level in W0,and the change rule was not obvious in other treatments.4.Effects of soil moisture on the accumulation and distribution of N,P and K nutrients in S.miltiorrhizaUnder various soil water conditions,the accumulation of N by the S.miltiorrhiza plants at different periods showed a trend of"increasing first,then decreasing",and the accumulation of P and K showed a continuous increase,the promotion effect of W1 and W2on the accumulation of N,P and K is obvious.Under different soil moisture conditions in each period,the distribution rules of N and P in the aboveground and roots are the same.The higher the soil moisture content was,the accumulation of N and P in the aboveground was more favorable,on the contrary the accumulation of N and P in the roots was more favorable.The distribution of K in the aboveground and roots is opposite to N and P,the higher the soil water content was,the accumulation of K in the root was more favorable,and the accumulation of K above the ground was more unfavorable.5.Effects of soil moisture on the content of active ingredients in S.miltiorrhizaThe effect of soil moisture on the content of active ingredients in S.miltiorrhiza is obvious.The effect of each treatment on the fat-soluble and water-soluble components is the same:W2 and W1 compared to W3,the effective ingredient content increased significantly,the total amount of Cryptotanshinone,Dihydrotanshinone,Tanshinone?and Tanshinone?A increased range is 100%~158.5%,the total amount of the four water-soluble ingredients of Danshensu,Rosmarinic acid,Lithospermic acid,and Salvianolic acid B increased range is144%~151.9%;W0 compared with CK,the content of its active ingredients has increased but the difference is not obvious,the total increased range of the four fat-soluble components is 7.3%~17.5%,and the total increased range of the four water-soluble components is 2.6%~3.8%.The comparison results of the individual active ingredients contents are basically consistent with the total.It shows that excessive water increase treatment in the late growth period of S.miltiorrhiza will cause a significant decrease in the content of active ingredients,and moderate water increase treatment and light drought treatment are beneficial to the accumulation of active ingredients. |
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