Effects Of Integrated Management Of Water And Fertilizer On Agronomic Characters And Economic Benefits Of Flue-cured Tobacco

Yunnan province is an important base in producing flue-cured tobacco.Reasonable fertilizer management is significant in the quality of tobacco during their growth.Currently,the way of fertilizer mainly is the basal fertilizer associated with topdressing.The irrigation method mainly is natural precipitation,which will result in low yields,unstable quality and low fertilizer utilization rate.Thus,the benefit potential of flue-cured tobacco planting cannot be fully released.Research method:In this study,K326 and HD were adopted based on the drip fertigation technology.We set up two different transplanting periods:conventional transplanting and early transplanting.According to the different requirements of N,P and K fertilizer in different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco,we set different fertilizer concentration gradient and operation mode.Introducing precise fertilization technology is considered into flue-cured tobacco production.Research aimed:We want to explore the effects of different transplanting periods on the growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco under the condition of drip fertigation.We also aim to select the appropriate fertilizer application amount and reasonable application ratio in different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco to achieve the purpose of efficient utilization of fertilizer and stable yield and high quality of tobacco plant.The results of our studies are intended to lay the foundation for establishing a stable,high-quality and large-scale production system of flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan province.The main conclusions are as follows:Result:Field test yield of drip fertigation management reached 3244.2 kg/hm~2.Comparing with the yield of experimental control and the farmer’s self-seeding treatment,it is increased by 34.1%and 31.3%,respectively;Field test output value reached 76238.7 yuan/hm~2.Comparing with the output value of experimental control and farmers self-seeding treatment,it is increased by 39.4%and 35.3%,respectively.Compared with traditional fertilization method,flue-cured tobacco had better agronomic characters and economic benefits under multiple topdressing management(13 times).Under the operation mode of 30%basal fertilizer associated with 70%topdressing in 360 kg/hm~2 fertilizer,K326 reach the highest yield and output value,which are 1831.95 kg/hm~2 and 42082.65 yuan/hm~2,respectively.Its yield and output value increase 238.2 kg and 9036.3 yuan per hectare compared with the K326 species test control(CK1).For HD,under the same operation mode,highest yield and output value was reached in fertilizer of 180 kg/hm~2,reaching 1770 kg/hm~2 and 40325.6 yuan,respectively.Comparing with test control(CK1)of the HD,the increasing yield 400.5 kg and 9438.35 yuan per hectare,respectively.Under the integrated management mode of drip fertigation,the agronomic traits and economic benefit performance were further increased when the operation mode was 100%topdressing under the same fertilizer amount compared with 30%base fertilizer and 70%topdressing.The yields of K326 varieties reach 1906.5 kg/hm~2 and the output value reach 43785.3 yuan/hm~2 under 360 kg/hm~2 fertilization treatment.The yield and output value increased by 74.55 kg and 1702.65 yuan,respectively.The highest yield and output value for HD can reach 1878.73 kg/hm~2 and 41835.05 yuan/hm~2,respectively,under100%topdressing with 180 kg/hm~2 fertilizer treatment.Comparing with 30%base fertilizer and 70%topdressing,the yield and output value increase 16.73 kg/hm~2 and 1509.45 yuan/hm~2 per hectare,respectively.The transplant period and fertilization amount had different effects on the number of effective leaves,the stalks,the maximum of leaf length,the maximum of leaf width,the leaf area coefficient,the yield and the output value.T1 transplanting and T2 transplanting decreased to varying degrees on the above characteristics.The transplant period and fertilization amount of the HD have a significant effect on the maximum leaf width and output value(p<0.05)and they have interaction with each other.The maximum leaf width of HD can reach the maximum and the output value reach the highest when T2 transplanting does not apply base fertilizer under 100%topdressing with 180 kg/hm2 fertilizer treatment.The transplant period and fertilization amount of the K326 have a significant effect on the leaf area coefficient(p<0.05)and they have interaction with each other.The leaf area coefficient of HD can reach the maximum when T2transplanting does not apply base fertilizer under 100%topdressing with 360 kg/hm~2 fertilizer treatment.Comparing with the traditional fertilization method,the result of the district control experiment shows that drip fertigation significantly improves the total nitrogen,niacin and potassium ion content of the tobacco leaves.And the chemical composition of different varieties of tobacco leaves is different.The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves during conventional transplantation(T2)was higher than the tobacco leaves in early transplantation(T1),but the growth was not significant.Under the condition of 100%topdressing,the total nitrogen and nicotine content increased slightly compared with the 30%basal fertilizer and 70%topdressing.During conventional transplant(T2)and under 100%topdressing,the element components of K236 are as follow:C3F total nitrogen content of 2.19%,niacin content of 2.71%,reduced sugar of 26.1%,potassium oxide content of 2.24%,water-soluble chlorine of 0.07%,sugar to alkali ratio of 9.63.Total nitrogen content of B2F grade is 2.27%,nicotine content is 3.74%,reductive sugar is24.1%,potassium oxide content is 2.29%,water-soluble chlorine is 0.05%and sugar to alkali ratio is 10.62.To summary,the overall coordination of tobacco leaves was betterDuring the conventional transplant period(T2),The HD and K326 were significantly better than the early transplant period(T1)treatment in the plant height,the number of effective leaves,the stem circumference and the leaf area index.In terms of the economic characters such as yield and output value,HD and K326 in T2 transplanting period were better than those in T1 transplanting period.Conclusion:We compare 100%topdressing with 30%basal fertilizer and 70%topdressing under the traditional fertilization mode in advance transplanting and conventional transplanting.The analysis of agronomic characters,economic benefits and chemical composition show that the integrated precise fertilization technology of drip fertigation significantly increased plant height and leaf area index under the mode of conventional transplanting with 100%topdressing.Thus,the quality of tobacco was improved,the amount of field labor was reduced and the economic benefits were significantly increased.The application of drip fertigation in flue-cured tobacco planting was improved by field test.