Cooperations And Conflicts Between County Magistrates And Educational Officers In The Qing Dynasty,Focus On Hunan

Educational officer is a general official established in the local government of the Qing Dynasty,It has the responsibility of educating and managing holders of the lowest degree,and responsible for some matters related to local enlightenment.County magistrate is the manager of the local people,His duties are geared to all local affairs.As two important officials of the county government,they will cooperate in a lot of things,but the two officials there are some contradictions and conflicts.Compiling local gazetteers and construct school-Confucian temple are very important to the county society,especially to the elite society,Therefore attention by some local officials and gentry.Both county magistrates and educational officers must be responsible for construct school-Confucian temple,if one organization construct school-Confucian temple,can make the work harder,and if both sides cooperation,can achieve complementary advantages.Therefore,two officers maintained good relations of cooperation in the construction of school-Confucian temple.In the construction of school-Confucian,county magistrates plays a leading role,is mainly responsible for funds raising and staff assignment.And educational officers take part in the construction of school-Confucian through the way of donation,as a director,initiative and so on.Compiling local gazetteers are command by governor-general,governor or commissioner,county magistrate is the matter of this course.Educational officer responsible for enlightenment,compiling local gazetteer related to enlightenment,so the practice has become the responsibility of the educational officer.Educational officer come mostly from regular route,some of them have a higher knowledge.And educational officer generally are the province people,the term of office is relatively long,these are educational officer to participate in the activities of the important reason.In the activities of compiling local gazetteers,the main compilation and directors of the responsibility is sometimes borne by the educational officer.ln addition,educational officer are sometimes responsible for the revision,updating and validation of the first draft.The county magistrate is mainly responsible for personnel arrangements,to raise the repair money,the draft for review and other work,and the final copy of the post.Educational officer and state magistrates will also cooperate in other matters.Some of these matters are not educational officer's duty,and some even prohibit educational officer from participating.The holders of the lowest degree of the Qing Dynasty have a certain privilege,the local government management of the staff is different from the general management of civilians.Educational officer play an important role in the management system of the holders of the lowest degree in the Qing Dynasty,and they share the responsibility of the management staff with the county magistrate.Educational officer and county magistrate.in the management of the existence of a certain degree of checks and balances,which is the local school system in the local administrative system is relatively independent of a concrete manifestation,but also educational officer in the county official system is relatively independent.And reflecting the political ideology of advocating moral codes in the Qing Dynasty.Some educational officer and some county magistrate in the management concept of the holders of the lowest degree there is etiquette and law,morality and punishment of the contradiction,which is caused by the two officials in the management of the conflict on one of the reasons.In addition,some state magistrates in the handling of life and other issues,did not comply with the system established on the management of a number of principles,without provincial director of studies,educational officer and unauthorized disposal of the staff,failed to respect the educational officer management of the terms of reference,which led to some of the educational officer's protest.Whether the cooperation of educational officer and the county magistrate,or the conflict,are both based on local enlightenment as the main line.The relationship between the educational officer and local society,the role of educational officer,the structure of the local administrative system and its role in local education and governance,these questions need for further discussion.