The Study On Ichan Kala Of Uzbekistan's World Heritage

Ichan kala is located in Khiva city which belongs to Khorezm state of Uzbekistan,it has a history of over 2500 years,known as the ancient city of Khiva.In the early Ichan kala was a rest place for businessman who travelled through the desert,or a shelter for people who avoided the war.From the beginning of the 6th century BC it was occupied by Persians,Greeks,Arabs,Mongols,Russians,etc.,but its the most glorious history was the capital of Khiva Khanate from 1592 to 1920,at the beginning of the 17 th century,the Arab Mukhammad Moved the capital to Khiva and constructed more buildings,then successive Khiva Khan made massive construction that was unique style,Khiva gradually became the political,economic,cultural and religious center of the Muslim world in Central Asian.After the independence of Uzbekistan in 1991,the Ichan Kala was truly owned by the city of Khiva.Ichan Kala is known as the "pearl of Central Asian" and "the country of the sun",which embodies the superb architectural art and architectural level of Uzbekistan nationalities.In recent years Ichan Kala's buildings appear natural shedding,surface salinization,serious deformation and other issues.At the same time the number of visitors of Ichan Kala has increased with the development of Khiva's economy and tourism,its environment is serious,its building is easy to be damaged,as well as the impact of natural factors such as high temperature,concentrated precipitation and salt weathering under natural conditions,the destruction of the ancient city is more serious,so the protection of the ancient city is imminent.In 1990,Ichan Kala was rated as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO,then it attracted the attention of the Uzbekistan government and international organizations.The Uzbekistan government formulated a series of laws and regulations on the protection of the cultural heritage of the Ichan Kala,at the same time,under the support and leadership of the UNESCO,many domestic and foreign experts joined the ranks of protection,provided protection suggestions and measures,and engaged in protection action.This article researches Ichan Kala of Uzbekistan's world heritage from four parts.The first part introduces the geography and historical development of the Ichan Kala,describing the four stages of the emergence,development,prosperity and transformation of the Ichan Kala,which is the Khiva city,and analyzing the specific situation of each stage ofthe Khiva.The second part describes the construction of the Ichan kala in detail,it focus on mosque,madrasa,minaret,bathroom,Bazaar and other characteristic buildings which is well protected now.The third part introduces the present situation and influencing factors of Ichan Kala,it analyzes the natural factors and human factors that destroy the buildings.The fourth part mainly presents that the Soviet Union,the Uzbekistan government and international community take protective action to the Ichan Kala,it emphatically introduces that Uzbekistan government makes laws and regulations,takes protective measures and promotes eco-tourism protection.In summary,based on the extensive collection,collation and inspection of the literature,the author introduces the unique architectural style and cultural value of Ichan Kala,discusses the destructive factors and protective measures of the Ichan Kala,in order to fill present research vacancy about the Ichan Kala,improve the domestic research on the issue of protection of Ichan Kala,and provide a reference for many Chinese cultural heritage research and protection.