The Study On Function In Dongpo's Ci

Dongpo' Ci is mainly studied in terms of literature.While there are few studies about it in terms of linguistics,and not to mention the specific study about the function words in Dongpo' Ci.Undergoing the development in ancient and mediaeval times,new usages of some Chinese function words come into being,while usages of others tend to be simple and mature.All of these distinctions and changes are worth studying.There are 24 kinds of conjunctions,which can be divided into 8 categories:coordinating conjunction,continuing conjunction,progressive conjunction,alternative conjunction,hypothetical conjunction,causal conjunction,adversative conjunction,conjunction,and concessive conjunction.They are mainly monosyllabic conjunctions with unobvious cross-category phenomenon and relatively simple usages,which are always used to connect sentences.By comparing the synchronic conjunctions and the diachronic conjunctions,it can be found that the coordinating conjunction "gong(?)","yu(?)" and "he(?)" have differences in the words they connect and frequencies they are used.So do the causal conjunctions like "yin(?)" and "gu(?)"· Besides,the disyllabic words "danshi(??)","hekuang(??)" and "bianshi(??)"inherit their previous usages.Because of the habits of personal language usages,conjunctions such as "er(?)" and "ran(?)" are only used in the poems of Su-Shi,and none of these conjunctions exist in his Ci.There are totally 11 auxiliaries in Dongpo's Ci,which can be divided into three categories according to their usages:the structural auxiliary,the language-affix auxiliary and the number auxiliary.Among them,the number auxiliary accounts for the largest proportion which inherits previous usages without cross-category phenomenon,and its usage is relatively simple.The usage of the number auxiliary "di(?)" exists from ancient times,which is rarely used in Dongpo's Ci while with broader range of usage.Preposition in the Dongpo's Ci could be divided into 6 categories:prepositions used for place,time,target,means,cause and range.The prepositions used in the front of the time words "xiang(?)" and "yu(?)"have the same usage with the word "while",while in Dongpo's Ci,"zai(?)" isn't used in the front of time words,but used in the front of place,means and range.Prepositions "jiang(?)" and "ba(?)" are used in the front of target,while the latter is more concrete than the former one.Influenced by personal language habits or styles,prepositions like "yi(?)"in only used in Dongpo's poems while not used in Dongpo's Ci.In conclusion,function words in Dongpo's Ci take on the unique characteristics of Chinese function words both in ancient and modern times:first of all,new conjunctions such as "jin(?)" come into being,and some previous function words "er(?)","ran(?)" and "yi(?)" are still under use,but only appear in the preface;Moreover,generally speaking,the usage of function words is more simple,and a large proportion of the function words only assume one kind function of grammar.They don't own the feature of cross-category,but their meanings are more detailed.