A Study On The Historical Epistemology Of Schaff

The "re-discovery" and in-depth elucidation of the young Marxist thought is a major event in the history of the evolution and development of Marxism in the 20th century.It is also an important opportunity for the rise and development of Western Marxism,East European Neo-Marxism,and many other major neo-Marxism.The theory of human philosophy,alienation,the socialist humanitarianism and historical epistemology established by East European Neo-Marxist theorist Adam Schaff in 1960s.The purpose is to establish the core position of man in Marxist theory and to interpret the nature of man and the significance of existence in the philosophical domain(ontology,epistemology,value theory).This article attempts to explore Schaf's historical epistemology as a whole,and revisit Schaff's humanitarian thinking from the perspective of historical epistemology in order to advance the study of related domestic issues.Apart from the introduction and the introduction of the basic background in the first chapter,the paper successively clarified the subjective,objective and truthful issues of cognition.Specifically,it mainly includes the following three aspects:First,thinking about the subjectivity of historical cognition.By analyzing the position of the cognitive subject in the three modes of cognitive relationship,the subjectivity and subjectivity of the cognitive subject,the form in which the cognitive subject participates in history,etc.First of all,according to the role of cognitive subject in cognitive relationship,Schaff divides the cognitive relationship into three modes:passive and intuitive cognitive model,idealistic cognitive model,and idealistic cognitive model.The objective and dynamic cognitive mode,then expounds the historical manifestation of these three cognitive relationship models in the contemporary ideological pedigree,that is,positivism,modernism and historicism.It is emphasized that subjectivity of historical cognition is involved in historical cognition by means of choice,interpretation and evaluation.Finally,the difference between subjectivity and subjectivity of cognitive subject is clarified.It reveals its influence on the objective understanding of historical cognition.Secondly,the subjectivity of cognition shows itself in the questions of objectivity and truth of historical cognition.By defining the concepts of historical fact and objectivity of historical cognition,Schaff criticizes two kinds of historical epistemology:positivism and modernism.The basic viewpoint of Marxist historical epistemology is that Marxist historical epistemology not only opposes the understanding of positivism to the absolute trend of historical objectivity,but also clarifies the correct understanding of historical cognitive objectivity by Marxism.Marxist epistemology,on the one hand,recognizes that the subject is subject to social constraints,but on the other hand believes that the subject can play a dynamic role.On the basis of this dialectical understanding,this paper probes into the objectivity and truth of historical cognition.Thus the objective truth is always in the process of being generated,and it is always a process rather than a complete and completed final state.Therefore,it is always a partial,incomplete truth,and in this sense it is a relatively objective truth.Third,the humanitarian basis of historical epistemology.On the one hand,the investigation of social man and its active role in historical epistemology embodies the demands of Shave's humanitarianism.Schaff's humanitarianism thought also provides the foundation of humanitarianism and historical materialism for his historical epistemology.Human philosophy,alienation theory and historical epistemology all take man as the starting point and purpose.Both enrich the connotation of socialist humanitarianism from different aspects.In a word,Schaffs historical epistemology is an important component of Marxist humanitarianism and Schaff's humanistic thought.To study this theory can not only deepen Schaff's humanism,but also advance the study of Polish neo-Marxism.It can enrich and develop the content of Marxist historical materialism and deepen people's understanding of Marxist epistemology and historical view.