Exploration On Humanism Thought Of Adam Schaff

Adam Schaff (1913—2006) was a famous Polish Marxist philosopher,also an important representative of new Marxism in Eastern Europe. Like other newMarxislists in Eastern Europe, Schaff has experienced the transitional era from atraditional Marxist to new Marxist. However, he always insisted on his Marxist identityand Marxism lofty belief. Schaff dabbled in many fields all his life, his works containsmany different philosophical ideas, he put forward his own thoughts and insights on thedevelopment of the socialist and the future of human society. Among his differentthoughts, humanitarian thought is the most effort-consuming and powerfully influencedone. Schaff’s humanitarian thought is the practical result of deep thinking in Marxismand Socialistic construction. It is an important development of Marxism.After the World WarⅡ, the socialist countries in Eastern Europe followed theSoviet model to carry out the socialistic construction, but for the increasing exposure tothe disadvantages of the Soviet model. Scholars in Eastern Europe began to criticize"Stalinist", setting off a wave of "non-Stalin", with the humanistic thought formed alongwith it.During the process of formation and development of his own thought, he wasmainly influenced by the traditional Marxism, western Marxism and other new Marxistideas in Eastern European. He gradually thought the human-basis problem in Marxism.In his masterpiece A Philosophy of Man, published in1963, Schaff has profoundlycriticized the prevailing existentialism of Sartre’s. At the same time, Schaff has involvedmany realistic problems of human survival and development, deeply analyzed theignorance of human-basis problem in socialism, and expounded thehuman-basis problem in Marxism. Adhere to the basic principles of Marxism,Schaff put forward the research object and the ultimate goal of humanitarian thought,then his humanitarian thoughts gradually established.In the process of building humanitarian thought, Schaff studied the “DissimilationLabor Theory” and “Humanism” which put forward by youth Marx, in order to restore a systematic and complete Marxism, which is an important contribution to thedevelopment of Marxism. Meanwhile, Schaff make reflections and summaries on thesocialist practice, putting forward the real humanistic appeal for socialism.This is thegreat value of Schaff’s humanitarian thought showed in the socialistic practice.