Study On Introduction And Localization Of Modern Agricultural Science And Technology In Shaanxi Province

At the end of Qing Dynasty,modern Western agricultural science and technology were introduced into China,and a set of relatively mature development models was formed in the period of the Republic of China.The northwest region,represented by Shaanxi,played an irreplaceable role in this respect.With the introduction of modern western agronomy thought,the traditional intensive farming technology system,which lasted for thousands of years,was impacted,and the traditional thought of emphasizing agriculture had a new manifestation in this stage.During the period of the Republic of China,social turmoil and frequent natural disasters occurred in Shaanxi Province.The already fragile small peasant economy was on the brink of bankruptcy.In order to solve the critical situation and ensure the orderly implementation of agricultural production,the government of the Republic of China and people of insight in society began to attempt to introduce advanced Western agricultural science and technology into the area and carry out adaptive transformation.As early as the reform movement of 1898 in the late Qing Dynasty,the enlightened gentry scholars at that time began to introduce modern experimental agriculture in the West to China and established an early agricultural experimentation institution.After the founding of the Republic of China,the new government further advocated and developed advanced Western agricultural science and technology on the basis of the former Qing Dynasty.In the field of agricultural education,an agricultural teaching system from higher education to specialized schools has been formed,and a complete scientific research and testing system from the central agricultural testing site to the local agricultural experimental station has been established for agricultural testing institutions.In addition,a large number of excellent modern agricultural scientists have worked hard in their respective fields and achieved many remarkable achievements.During the period of the Republic of China,the agricultural science and technology of Shaanxi Province ushered in the historical opportunity of rapid development before and after the Anti-Japanese War.The related fields involved the improvement and popularization of wheat and cotton varieties,the cultivation of new varieties of livestock,the large-scale construction of water conservancy projects,the modernization of agricultural machinery,soil investigation,chemical fertilizer experiments and other aspects.In the process of introduction and promotion,external agricultural science and technology are affected by many factors.To sum up,it mainly includes: differences in the growth environment caused by the constraints of natural conditions such as climate and soil;differences in the scale of promotion due to the limitations of economic conditions;changes in the attitude of acceptance caused by the effects of cultural psychology.Although limited by the social conditions at that time,there were still many problems in the introduction and development of agricultural science and technology in Shaanxi during the period of the Republic of China,yet the overall effect is still positive.The course of the introduction and transformation of modern agricultural science and technology has not only found a new way for the continued development of modern agriculture in China,but also promoted the further development and construction of the Northwest region,represented by Shaanxi Province.