Selected E-C Translation Of Chapter Two Of X-marks:Native Signatures Of Assent And A Critical Commentary

This translation project is made up of two parts.Part one is the selected original text and the corresponding translation of X-Marks: Native Signatures of Assents.The second part is a critical commentary which consists of five sections: 1)Introduction;2)Theoretical Guidance;3)Application of Semantic Translation;4)Application of Communicative Translation;5)Conclusion.The first section of the commentary contains a brief introduction to the source text,the difficulties in the translation process,significance of the translation project and the structure of the commentary.The second section is the introduction of Peter Newmark's translation theories,including his text typology,semantic and communicative translation.The third and the fourth sections are the main body of the commentary in which the applications of semantic translation and communicative translation are analyzed respectively.In the two sections,various translation methods at lexical and syntactic levels are discussed with typical examples.In the last section,a conclusion is made that semantic translation and communicative translation should be combined in the translation of a cultural monograph.Some inspirations gained in the translation process also shared in this part.Written by the Native American scholar Scott Richard Lyons,the book X-Marks mainly explores the complexity of contemporary Indian identity,the nature of Indian culture,and the current debates among Indians on such issues as traditionalism,nationalism,and tribalism.The author advocates that modern Indians have the right to embrace new ideas and positive changes during the current cultural revival.As the works on Indian cultural studies are rare in China,the translation of this Indian ethnography can in a sense fill the gap.It is hoped that the project can be helpful to Chinese scholars and readers who are interested in Indian culture and contribute to the Native American studies in China.