The Research Of Vernacular Modal Particle In "Qi Lu Deng"

Chinese modal particle is an important word class in the Chinese grammar,and it's also a significant means to express mood.Qing dynasty is the transition period from modern Chinese to contemporary Chinese as well as the valuable period of Chinese mood system's adjustment and specification.This paper takes middle-late Qing vernacular novel Qi Lu Deng 's vernacular Chinese modal particles as the research object,by analyzing the vernacular Chinese modal particle's general picture,case investigation and regional works in different periods,comparing the vernacular modal particle system in different regions during the same period,the paper explores the vernacular Chinese modal particles'characteristics in such aspects as semantics,pragmatics,conjunction types and some Chinese modal particles' historical origin in Qi Lu Deng.Through research,we have the following findingsFirst,in general,the monosyllabic vernacular Chinese modal particles in Qi Lu Deng are not only used in a large number but also abundant in usage,most of the words are used in declarative sentence,question sentence,imperative sentence and exclamatory sentence.The usage of two-syllable vernacular Chinese modal particles is single,except??�is used in interrogative sentences,other words are used in declarative sentences.There are ten conjunction forms.In addition to excamatory sentences,the other three types of sentences are all used.Second,some vernacular Chinese modal particles in Oi Lu Deng are used in a sentence category,they have the same semantic meaning but different in the usage quantity,such as "?","?"are used in declarative sentence and can express affirmation.emphasizing meaning,in interrogative sentence to express exploring meaning,but mainly use"?" in the declarative sentence,"?" in the interrogative sentences:"??"?"??"?"???" are all used in declarative sentences to express the affirmation and confirmation meaning,but the number of "??" is higher than that of "??" and "???","??" and"??" can be used in declarative sentences to express the affirmation and tolerance mood,but the number of "??�is higher than that of "??";Both "??" and "??" can be used in declarative sentences to express the meaning of restriction,but the number of "??" is higher than that of "??".Third,from the perspective of pragmatics,the pragmatic function of the modal particle "?" and "?" is relatively similar,such as they all have the communication and suspicion functions,the explicit and reminder functions,and the interpersonal adjustment functions,but there are slight differences.The three modal particles also have the function of discourse cohesion or relevance.In addition,"??" also has the function of communication and discourse promotion.Fourth,from the perspective of historical development,in "?","?" and "??","?"appeared in Yuan dynasty,which were the earliest,"?" and "??" appeared in Ming dynasty.However,"? shows obvious regional characteristics.It has been widely used in Henan,Shanxi,Shandong and other regions which used northern dialects,and its usage were also very abundant.However,it is hardly used in mandarin.As time goes by,the usage of "?" and "??" increases gradually,but the overall development is stable,and does not show obvious regional characteristics.Fifth,compared with the modal particle system in different works during the same period,modal particle in the three works all have rich varieties,and "?","?","?" and "? are used frequently.However,there are differences in the specific modal particle and types and forms of conjunction in the three works.The three works also show obvious differences in the use of m aj or modal particles such as "?","?" "?","?" and "?":modal particle "?"has the most and richest usages in Dream of Red Mansions.The modal particle "?" is the most widely used in Qi Lu Deng.The other three words are used less frequently and used less frequently in The Scholar.s.Compared with the vernacular modal particle in the works of the same dialect background in contemporary Chinese,Qi Lu Deng is basically consistent with its main modal particle,but the usage and frequency of some modal particle have changed,and some of them are even no longer used in modern Chinese dialects(such as the modal particle "?").