Media Ecology And The Publishing System Of Chinese Literature In The New Era

Literary publishing system is an important part in literary production.The formation of literary publishing system guarantees the orderly,regular and standardized development of literature,and is also an inevitable requirement for the effective maintenance of the steady development of literary ecology.Compared with the development of modern and contemporary literature in China,the gradual formation of the literary publishing system after the founding of New China has changed the situation of literary self-growth and chaos in the past to a great extent.In ancient times,only a few people in the upper class have access to the elite literature,mostly memorial to the throne or poems between friends.Due to the feudal government's strict control over speech and the underdevelopment of writing and printing industry,the production mode of ancient literature is not really publication.The publishing system of contemporary Chinese literature has gradually developed under the more stable political and social environment since the founding of New China.The leadership of the Communist Party of China played a decisive role.In view of the special relationship between literature and social political ideology,it is imperative for the ruling party to reform and rectify its literary development at that time to serve the socialist revolution and construction.The establishment of a new literary publishing system is an indispensable and important means of reformation in the field of literary production.Since the founding of New China,thirty years of ups and downs had been experienced by contemporary literature until the beginning of reform and opening-up.During this period,literature and politics experienced a highly integrated development.This integration is mainly manifested in the several aspects.Firstly,writers are included in the national government departments,literature needs to be created under the requirements of political tasks.Secondly,featured with "three-trial system",the publishing system has established the responsibility system of Party committees and is to be checked at many different levels;Thirdly,the separation of publishing and distribution are separated: the publishing house is only responsible for the editing of manuscripts,and the distribution is under the unified management of Xinhua Bookstore.Forthly,the central and local governments both have their own literature publishing houses,and the publishing tasks among the publishing houses are different.Fifthly,the publishing house should report to the Party committees of each district in advance for the topic examination before publishing.Since then,the highly integrated publishing system of contemporary literature has been established.However,the socialist revolution during 1966-1976 caused heavy losses because it was used by counter-revolutionaries,especially in the cultural field,which brought a painful lesson to the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.As for the field of literary publishing,the damagement is caused by the extreme left radical line action,especially the paranoid experiment of revolutionary model opera regardless of the law of literary creation,it highly advocates a series of creation concepts related with politics and class struggles such as "basic task theory","theme first theory","three prominences" and "three combinations".Publishing policy were to be required to be consistent with these concepts,otherwise it will be charged and criticized for crimes such as "black vat" and "drug manufacturing institute".Even the People's Literature Publishing House,which has made great contributions to the publishing cause of New China's literature,has not escaped this fate.However,this highly integrated literary publishing system is coming to an end with the coming of the new era.Since the new era,the literary publishing industry is facing a new development context.Both the guidance of national policy and the stimulation of commodity economy promote the transformation of literary publishing to a certain extent.In this process,the innovation and application of information media played a direct and essential role.In the final analysis,literary publishing is a process of processing and publishing literary texts.Media technology has a vital impact on many aspects,such as information collection,binding level,communication carrier,interactive mode and so on.Today,when we look back at the development of contemporary literature,we will find that it is the rapid development of media technology that makes the appearance of contemporary literature more diversified.The fragrance of traditional paper books,the convenience of e-books,and the interaction of network literature all bring us different reading experience.On the production level,these different literary existences are caused by different literary publishing systems and modes in different times.As for the situation of literary production since the new era,the development of commodity economy makes it necessary for literary production to face the consumer market and take readers as the center.The complexity of the reader population and the diversification of interest determine the diversification of literary publishing mode.In a word,the literary publishing system in the new period has evolved from the highly integrated literary publishing system since the founding of the People's Republic of China 30 years ago.After entering the new period,with the media playing an increasingly important role in the literary production activities,the media ecology of the publishing industry has undergone tremendous changes,making literary publishing presenting all different kinds of developing characteristics.On the whole,with the end of the publishing system with a high degree of integration of literature and politics,there forms gradually a diversified publishing system in the new era.All different modes including the literary publishing mode characterized by the "three-trial system" at the beginning of the new era,the network literary publishing mode that grew in the 1990 s and the self-media literary publishing mode rising in the 21 st century due to the popularity of smart phones,have found their own market positions.Finally,a mixed symbiotic and mutually beneficial multi-publishing situation is reached.