Autonomy Of Art And Human Emancipation

Herbert Marcuse main work was used to against the alienation of people,and his thinking about art were throughout the development of aesthetic ideas,his aesthetic ideas about man's spiritual redemption unique and distinctive.As for the problem about human being in the Frankfurt school occupies a very important position on the thinking of academic history,is a marxist aesthetics of human thought of aesthetic salvation in the important embodiment of the Frankfurt school and the development of new,has the important research value of aesthetics.The reflection of Marcuse's aesthetic thought on human problems is a cultural reflection of the living background of people in the western industrial society in the 19 th century,which also reflects Marcuse's deep concern about the survival crisis of people in the industrial society.In Marcuse's opinion,modern art came into being with the emergence of capitalist industrial society and developed with the development of instrumental rationality.the human spirit has fallen into the crisis of extreme alienation.Facing the phenomenon of human repression and human alienation in capitalist industrial society,Marcuse followed Marx's thinking path of human liberation and tried to explore a new way of redemption in the context of the development of capitalism to the 20 th century.his thought as a form of art is not reality to the real life of beautification,nor exquisite packaging of goods,but an experience with the real world completely alienated world and in the reality of modern art and experience the world conflict hidden specific political potential,art can be a weapon against the alienation of people.Therefore,emphasizing the criticism and redemption of art is the core of Marcuse's aesthetic thought.While his theory points to realistic thinking,Marcuse also absorbs important academic references from the theoretical resources of western aesthetics to construct his theoretical structure of thinking about the relationship between art and reality.The absorption of "repression" in Freud's psychoanalytic theory and "poetic survival" in heidegger's existentialist theory makes Marcuse more firmly believe that it can explore the way out under the new era conditions for the Marxist ideal of human liberation.Marcuse was not restrained by psychoanalytic theory and existentialism,but based his artistic thinking on the relationship between art and reality from the perspective of Marxist social criticism and based his philosophical foundation on materialist dialectics and negative philosophy.However,Marcuse from the theoretical perspective of how to implement to Marxist criticism of the alienation phenomenon in capitalist society,and in what sense to psychoanalysis theory,theory of existentialism and marxism theory,so as to realize the people's aesthetic redemption,is an important basis of understanding Marcuse esthetics thought,and solved the important academic circles for a long time.Therefore,this paper,by referring to the latest research results of contemporary literature and art sociology,tries to explore the contradiction and unity between the regularity of the development of artistic self-discipline and the purposiveness of human liberation in Marcuse's aesthetic thought from the perspective of historical theory and the method of unifying history and logic.This paper consists of five parts: the introduction,a brief introduction to Marcuse's aesthetic thought,and a review of the research status of Marcuse's art and human liberation,as well as the innovation of this paper.The first part analyzes the historical background of Marcuse's aesthetic thought of human liberation.In the developed capitalist society,the integration trend of economy,culture,ideology and other fields is constantly strengthened.The new operating principle turns people into one-way people and people are instrumented.Marcuse was well aware of the human problems in the developed industrial society.The second part discusses the theoretical background of the formation of marcuse's aesthetic thoughts.From heidegger to Freud,his focus is always on the real situation of human beings,and his concern for human survival is the most prominent part of his aesthetic thoughts.In addition,it analyzes the essence of Marcuse's theory of liberation,that is,to liberate people's desire through art and establish new sensibility.The third part explores Marcuse's liberation of people in developed industrial society through art.He pointed out that art,as a form of reality,does not beautify the real world,but means to build a world completely different from the real world.Secondly,the important concept of "aesthetic form" in Marcuse's literary thought is deeply analyzed,and the theoretical connotation of "aesthetic form" is determined.Based on the relationship between art and revolution,this paper points out that the political potential and revolutionary function of art in the transformation of reality lies in awakening those repressed instincts,so as to establish a "second-level history",that is,an aesthetic utopia.In the fourth part,Marcuse analyzed the limitation of liberating people's thought through art,and pointed out that it is only one-sidedness to emancipate love and desire.And through the means of art liberation,this way of liberation is illusory,difficult to achieve.In addition,by exploring the new thought of heterotopia,it reflects the deficiency of Marcuse's aesthetic utopia.