The Research On The Quantifier Of The Vernacular Novels In The Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty is the transitional stage of the quantifier system from modern to modern development,which is a key period in the development of Chinese quantifiers.Therefore,this paper chooses 30 vernacular novels with a high degree of colloquialism as the research object,examines the use of quantifiers from the aspects of synchronic description and diachronic comparison,and makes a comprehensive study on the exhaustive statistics of the quantifiers in 10 of these novels to show the full picture of the quantifiers in the vernacular novels in the Qing Dynasty in detail.The text is divided into seven chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research status,research significance,research corpus and research methods of quantifiers in Qing Dynasty.Referring to the existing research results,this paper refers to the classification of quantifiers in Li Jianping’s book Research on the Quantifiers of the two Han Dynasties in the Pre-Qin Dynasty,which divides the quantifiers into two categories and four sub-categories.The second,third and fourth chapters study the noun quantifiers of vernacular novels in the Qing Dynasty,examine all the noun quantifiers in statistics from the four aspects of individual quantifiers,collective quantifiers,borrowed quantifiers and institutional quantifiers respectively,combine with the ancient books such as Shuowen Jie Zi,Yu Pian,from the original etymology of quantifiers to the development of Qing Dynasty,and illustrate the use of noun quantifiers in vernacular novels in the Qing Dynasty through a large number of examples.The statistics show that there are 304 noun quantifiers in vernacular novels in Qing Dynasty,including173 individual quantifiers,81 collective quantifiers and 50 institutional quantifiers.Many quantifiers have got rid of the shackles of the meaning of the source words,mainly weighing virtual and abstract things,with a high degree of grammaticalization.Chapter five is the study of momentum words in vernacular novels in QingDynasty,which is divided into two aspects: special momentum words and borrowed momentum words.The investigation of momentum words is also to introduce the etymological origin and evolution of quantifiers,and to illustrate the use of momentum words in vernacular novels in Qing Dynasty through a large number of examples.Statistics show that there are 37 momentum words in vernacular novels in qing dynasty(not including borrowed momentum words),the range of weighing action is enlarged,the frequency of use of different momentum words is quite different,and the number of borrowed momentum words is large,especially homomorphic momentum words.Chapter six is a study of the quantitative lexical features and rhetorical functions of vernacular novels in Qing Dynasty.This chapter studies quantifiers from three aspects:vocabulary,grammar and rhetoric.It is found that the four forms of "AA " "一 AA " " 一 A 一 A" and "AABB" have been produced in the Qing Dynasty.In addition,the number of classifiers that can be used with different affixes,nouns,and quantifiers to produce new words has also increased significantly.In terms of syntax,quantifiers have a strong ability to combine with numerals,pronouns,adjectives,and approximate words.Act as six major sentence components,quantifier development mature.Chapter 7 is a comparative study of vernacular novels in Qing Dynasty.In this chapter,the usage rate of noun quantifiers is 67.44% in the early Qing Dynasty,81.96% in the late Qing Dynasty,and the momentum words is 84.32% in the early Qing Dynasty and 48.43% in the late Qing Dynasty.By the end of the Qing Dynasty,the usage of numeral nouns and verb numeral quantifiers had even reached70 of the number of quantifiers more than%,the use of quantifiers is more and more frequent,and the syntactic structure is more stable.This chapter also compares the Qing Dynasty quantifiers with the Ming Dynasty and modern Chinese quantifiers,and finds that the Qing Dynasty quantifier system has both inheritance and renewal,and the Qing Dynasty is the transitional stage of the ancient and modern quantifier system.Finally,it summarizes the development and limitation of the vernacular novels in Qing Dynasty.The development is mainly manifested in: the division of classifiers is more detailed;the grammatical structure is more stable;and the quantifier system is more perfect.The main limitations are as follows: the use of quantifiers is not unified and standardized;the weighing objects of quantifiers are not comprehensive;there is still a big gap between the number of momentum words and noun quantifiers,and the frequency of different momentum words is bigger;The form of numeral directly modifies nouns or verbs is still common,and the use of quantifiers has not yet become a norm.