| From Sontag's theory of "against interpretation",to Eco's theory of "over interpretation",to Zhang Jiang's theory of "imposed interpretation",the three scholars'thoughts on literary interpretation have promoted the development of hermeneutics.At present,there are few comparative studies on the three hermeneutic theories.In addition,the concepts of "against interpretation" "over interpretation" and "imposed interpretation" are often misused in academia.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a systematic research on the three hermeneutic theories.And based on the comparative study,exploring the possible path of contemporary Chinese literary interpretation and literary hermeneutics.The first chapter analyzes the background of the three hermeneutic theories.Sontag's theory of "against interpretation" was formed in the 1960s,and it was put forward in the context that New Criticism occupied an significant position,painting,poetry,film and other art fields showed the tendency of avoiding interpretation,and modern art felled into meaning crisis.Eco's theory of "over interpretation" was born in the 1990s,and it was proposed in the context that rights of readers were overemphasized,misreading theory of deconstruction prevailed,and literary theory gradually moved towards "Theory".The "imposed interpretation"theory of Zhang Jiang came into being in 2014,and it was presented in the context that Chinese literary theory suffered from aphasia due to the rigid transplant of western literary theory,and domestic scholars were eager to rebuild Chinese literary theory in the "post-theoretical era".Although the three hermeneutic theories have different contexts,they all criticized the phenomenon of over-interpretation,and they also tried to limit the endless act of interpretation.The second chapter focuses on the "errors" of interpretation,and compares the deconstruction of three hermeneutic theories from three angles.On the root of interpretation,three scholars expounded the causes of "interpretation","iover interpretation" and "imposed interpretation",and they regarded imitation theory,mystery theory,dogmatism as "errors" of interpretation roots respectively.On the method of interpretation,three scholars analyzed the paths of "interpretation","over interpretation" and "imposed interpretation",and they attribute excavation of transformation,confusion of causality,expropriation of extrinsic theories to"errors" of interpretation methods separately.In terms of interpretation results,three scholars regarded the loss of the reader's sensibility,infinite derivation of the text,confusion of the cognitive path as the "errors" of interpretation results.At this point,they explained the bad consequences caused by "interpretation" "over interpretation" and "imposed interpretation".Although the "interpretation" "over interpretation" and "imposed interpretation" criticized by the three scholars have "errors" in interpretation,these three kinds of interpretation activities also have some positive significance.They have explored the various possibilities of texts,broadened the scope of literary research,and to some extent,resisted the "anxiety of influence"in the field of literary interpretation.The third chapter,from three perspectives,sorts out and compares the construction of the three hermeneutic theories.These perspectives are the origin of textual meaning,the boundary of interpretation,and the mode of ideal interpretation.In search for the origin of textual meaning,Sontag thought that the meaning of text originate from "textual intention" and"reader's feeling",among which "reader's feeling" is the main origin.Eco also thought that the meaning of text originate from "textual intention" and "reader's feeling",but he maintained that "textual intention" is the main origin.However,according to Zhang Jiang,"textual intention" and "author's intention" constitute textual meaning,among which "author's intention" is the main source.The three hermeneutic theories went beyond the single factor theory,which summed up a single factor as the origin of textual meaning.On the limitation of interpretation boundary,three scholars put forward their requirements to the professional critics.They took the formal vocabulary,the language background and the implicit meaning as the ways to restrict the boundary of interpretation.On the assumption of ideal interpretation,three scholars envisaged the interpretation modes of "transparency and silence" "the cycle of interpretation" and "public interpretation".However,none of the three ideal interpretation modes have been realized in the real sense.The fourth chapter rethinks the three hermeneutic theories based on the comparative study,and tries to offer some constructive analysis and proposal on the development of Chinese literature interpretation and literary hermeneutics.Although there are some shortcomings in the three hermeneutic theories,they break through the monism and restrain the pluralism in the debate between monism and pluralism of interpretation.At present,the interpretation of Chinese literature faces two difficulties:loss of aesthetic experience,dislocation of critical theory and literary practice.We can absorb the positive elements of the three hermeneutic theories,drawing on Sontag's emphasis on the form and perceptual experience,Eco's assumption of "the cycle of interpretation",and Zhang Jiang's criticism of the hegemonic behavior of theory in the interpretation practice,to get rid of the present interpretation dilemma.We can try to construct an interpretation cycle in which the interpreter could communicate well with the text and the author.When it comes to literary interpretation,we can neither deny that the interpreter has the function of extending the vitality of the works nor ignore the fact that the author is the producer of literary activities.Hence,the interpreter should form a dialectical and interactive dialogue relationship with the text and the author,and examine the textual meaning in the field that multiple factors influence with each other,avoid interpretation towards absolutism or relativism. |
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