From Closed Residential Areas To Open Neighborhoods:Reconstruction Of Urban Grassroots Space And Governance Innovation

Under the background of increasingly prominent urban society's open characteristics,large-scale urban closed communities have been superimposed and cut and closed the vast urban space,causing a series of urban diseases.The existence of urban closed communities has its profound historical roots.In the 1950s,serving the needs of the "unit system" that was highly concentrated in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China,a unitary compound came into being.With the promotion of reform and opening up,the unit system was dismantled,unit courtyards gradually declined,and commercial housing estates gradually emerged.At present,China has formed two types of closed communities,unit buildings and commercial housing areas.Closed and small shows a strong closure.In terms of space,the closed community presents spatial characteristics such as large scale of agglomeration,separation of commercial and residential planning and design,exclusive use of public resources for residents of the community,and boundary separation of fences and access control systems as the main types.At the level of community governance,urban closed communities are characterized by a single governance body,one-dimensional governance,and administrative mechanisms.At present,various problems have been exposed in China's urban closed communities,which are highlighted by urban traffic congestion,eroded public resources,and residents' isolation.At the same time,residents have concerns about the opening of closed quarters,the implementation of a residential district system,the opening of residential quarters to reduce the safety guarantee effect,the opening of resources,the dispute over property rights ownership,and the blurring of power and responsibility relations due to boundary resolution.On February 21,2016,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China jointly formulated and promulgated the "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning,Construction and Construction".In this document some new requirements were put forward,requiring the implementation of blocks in newly built residential areas.The system does not promote the construction of closed residential areas.In order to allow the land to be used economically and reasonably,it is necessary to open up those already-built communities and other residential areas,and connect the internal roads with the outside world to improve the distribution of the traffic routes.The promulgation of this document not only means the reorganization of agglomeration scale,the transformation of planning and design,the sharing of public resources,and the separation of borders,but also means that the idea of governance from division to integration,governance structure from unit to network,and governance mechanism.From single to composite.