A Study On Diffusion Mechanism And Control Strategies Of Environmental NIMBY Risks

At present,China is in the key period of reform and opening up,in which various types of risks are gathering and spreading,and the social instability factors are increasing.At the same time,as people's awareness of rights and community are constantly raised,the conflicts caused by the unbalanced distribution of risks occur more and more frequently.The frequent occurrences of environmental NIMBY(Not In My Backyard)conflict incidents due to the siting of environmental NIMBY facilities are prominent portrayals.According to statistics,the environmental conflict incidents occur at an annual growth rate of about 30% in China.Therefore,it is very necessary to explore the risks caused by environmental NIMBY facilities.As a matter of fact,environmental NIMBY risks caused by environmental NIMBY facilities may be seen as a complex and constantly changing risk energy system.To take better measures to prevent the NIMBY risks continuously spreading,evolving and upgrading,it's a priority to have a clear understanding of the internal mechanism of the development and change of the system.Therefore,in terms of the qualitative research method of grounded theory,and based on the case data collected and first-hand data obtained from the field survey,this paper constructs a theoretical model of the diffusion mechanism of environmental NIMBY risks by layer-by-layer coding.And then,taking the incident of “Jiufeng” as an example,the mechanism of environment NIMBY risks diffusion is empirically tested based on field investigation data.Finally,this paper proposes the whole-process controlling strategies of environmental NIMBY risks.Through research,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)The spread of environmental NIMBY risks follow the chain diffusion logic of “risk sources-risk flows-risk events-risk consequences”;under the inducement of the risk sources,the risk flows are formed,and then under the influence of internal and external motivations,the risk threshold is broken,triggering the environmental NIMBY risk events,and producing the risk consequences.(2)The risk sources include endogenous and exogenous factors,the endogenous factors are the real risks of environmental NIMBY facilities,and the exogenous factors include institutional loopholes and social trust environments;the forming and changing process of environmental NIMBY risk flows are manifested in the breeding of individual risk psychology,the spread of social risk public opinions and the brewing of collective protest;collective irrational psychology and the improper behavior of government to prevent and control risks constitute the trigger mechanism of risk events;the risk events are the environmental NIMBY conflict incidents;the risk consequences are a series of negative social effects.(3)The diffusion process of environmental NIMBY risks are as follows: under the influence of risk source factors,the perception of risk,injustice and frustration of the individual generate and mutually reinforce each other,leading to risk psychology.With the accumulation of individual negative emotions,the public begins to vent negative emotions by spreading and disseminating negative remarks,and under the negative guidance of some network media,coupled with the passive response of the government,the social risk public opinions spread and enlarge continuously.In turn,the spread of social risk public opinions will once again strengthen the public risk psychology,and the risk continues to ferment,then collective protests begin to brewing;under the catalysis of collective irrational psychology,if the behavior to prevent and control the risk of the government is improper,the risk threshold will be easily breached,and the risk events will be triggered,which will lead to certain social risk consequences under the influence of the risk ripples.In this way,the NIMBY risks spread from individual to collective and then to society,from offline to online and offline,from psychological to speech and then to behavior,and also spread from the discussion of the security risk of the environmental NIMBY facilities to the rights,justice maintenance and other broader issues.Thus the NIMBY risks continue to spread and amplify beyond the issues of time and space,region,community,etc.According to “domino” theory,this paper puts forward the control strategies of environmental NIMBY risks from the following aspects: controlling the NIMBY risk sources,blocking the NIMBY risk flows,preventing the NIMBY risk incidents,and mitigating the NIMBY risk consequences.The first aspect is to control the risk sources,which includes reducing the technical risks of environmental NIMBY projects,improving the NIMBY compensation system,optimizing the NIMBY EIA system,optimizing the NIMBY decision-making mechanism,improving the NIMBY information disclosure system,improving the expression mechanism of the mass appeal,and building a risk culture of mutual trust.The second aspect is to block the risk flow,which includes establishing an early warning mechanism of social unhealthy mentality,constructing a risk public opinion prevention and control system,and improving the risk communication mechanism.The third aspect is to prevent and control risk events,which includes identifying group risk behaviors and establishing an elastic emergency response mechanism.The last aspect is to reduce the risk consequences,which includes preventing the risk continuously spreading and rebuilding the trust of the government.This study opens the black box of NIMBY risk diffusion mechanism in the development process of environmental NIMBY conflicts,develops the NIMBY basic theory,and enriches the theory of social conflict governance and risk management.And it provides scientific policy ideas for effectively alleviating the environmental NIMBY risks,preventing the environmental NIMBY conflicts and promoting the modernization of social governance,which is conducive to the realization of the harmonious development of economy,environment and society.