The Formation Of Public Anti-American Emotions In Japan And The Development Of Japan-US Relations,1904-1924

This thesis mainly studied the public opinions of Japan concerning the United States during the period from the Japanese-Russian War to the United States Immigration Act in 1924,which was caused by the major events between Japan and the United States,and further explored the changes in Japan-US relations.This thesis was mainly based on the Asahi Shimbun and the relevant contents of official documents such as Japanese Diplomatic Documents.It was mainly divided into the germination of anti-American sentiment after the Japanese-Russian War,the development after anti-Japanese immigration,the relaxation during the Washington Conference,and the intensification of anti-American sentiment among Japanese people after the Immigration Act in 1924 and summary five parts as the core.The study found that from 1904 to 1924,the attitude of Japanese people toward the United States changed in stages: from initial frustration and discontent to resentment and protest,then to opposition,exclusion and break-up,showing a deepening emotional response.Although there has been a short-term relation caused by disaster relief in different periods,the overall trend was worsening.It was in the 20 years after the war between Japan and Russia that Japanese people formed increasingly strong anti-American sentiments.Generally speaking,during the period of Japanese democratization,the government led and made use of public opinion to rationalize the government's foreign policy,stimulated folk sentiment for the government's actual external interests and formulated foreign policy on the basis of “Public Opinion”.National interest was the fundamental factor affecting the relationship between the two countries.As a kind of social identity,Japanese folk opinion reflected Japan's national interest to a certain extent.Under the dual effects of national interests and immigration issues,the worsening relationship between Japan and the United States became the most remarkable feature in this period.Therefore,the public opinion concerning the United States was an important factor affecting the relationship between Japan and the United States.The change of Japanese government's foreign policy under the influence of public opinion directly determined the change of the relationship between Japan and the United States.Moreover,the development of Japanese anti-American sentiment basically coincided with the change of the relationship between the two countries during this period.