Research On The Evaluation And Promotion Of Sustainable Livelihood Of Farmers In Ecological Resettlement Areas

Ecological migration is an important measure to solve the problem of ecological environment and poor population in the resettlement areas.Based on the data obtained from the questionnaire survey,this paper establishes the evaluation index system of farmers' livelihood capital,and makes a comparative analysis of farmers' livelihood capital and income status in different towns and villages and different livelihood strategy types by means of entropy and weight method.In measuring the farmers livelihood capital,on the basis of using 0 Is regression model,this paper analyzes the factors which impact on farmers livelihood capital,by constructing the Logistic regression model for the influence factors of farmers choose different livelihood strategies,the influence factors of the transformation between different livelihood strategy analysis,so as to explore from the perspective of living out the factors affecting rural farmers in the study area in northeast,and thus put forward for ecological resettlement area farmers improve the level of living,promote the transformation of livelihood,measures and ways to achieve rural rejuvenation.The main conclusions are:(1)Using entropy weight method and other methods to evaluate the livelihood capital of farmers,it is concluded that the total value of livelihood capital of hongsibao town is the highest,with the capital value of 0.3934,followed by dahe township,xinzhuang jixiang and liuquan township,with the capital value of 0.3796,0.3364 and 0.3314,respectively.The lowest value of livelihood capital is taiyangshan town,with the capital value of 0.3222.The livelihood capital value of non-agricultural leading farmers was the highest(0.3792),followed by non-agricultural leading farmers(0.3733)and agricultural leading farmers(0.37]3),and the pure agricultural leading farmers(0.3677).In terms of human capital,dahe township and xinzhuang jixiang have higher human capital values(0.0959 and 0.0955 respectively),while liuquan township has the lowest human capital value(0.0894).Non-agricultural farmers had the highest human capital of 0.1002,while pure agricultural farmers had the lowest human capital of 0.0916.In terms of material capital,hongsibao town has the highest capital value(0.0605)and taiyangshan town has the lowest(0.0518).Non-agricultural type and agricultural type have higher material capital,with capital values of 0.0606 and 0.0605 respectively.Non-agricultural type farmers have the lowest value,0.0565.Among the natural capital,hongsibao town has the highest natural capital value(0.0280),while taiyangshan town and xinzhuang town have the lowest natural capital value(0.0213).The natural capital value of pure peasant households is the highest.In terms of social capital,hongsibao town has the highest capital value(0.1201)and taiyangshan town has the lowest capital value(0.0732).Non-agricultural leading farmers had the highest capital value(0.1086),while pure and agricultural leading farmers had the lowest social capital value(0.1025).In terms of financial capital,dahe town and hongsibao town are relatively high(0.949 and 0.0909 respectively),and liuquan town has the lowest capital value(0.0773).The financial capital value of non-agricultural leading farmers was the highest(0.0907)and that of agricultural leading farmers was the lowest(0.0873).(2)The comparative analysis of the livelihood capital of peasant households before and after migration shows that the total livelihood capital of peasant households after migration increases from 0.3262 before migration to 0.4306 now,and the added value is 0.1040.The increase of the total livelihood capital mainly benefits from human capital,social capital and financial capital.The value of human capital increased from 0.1136 before migration to 0.1262 now,and the added value was 0.0126.The value of physical capital increased from 0.0268 before migration to 0.0572 now,with an increase of 0.0304.The natural capital value decreased from 0.0238 before migration to 0.0227 now with a decrease value of 0.0011.Social capital value increased from 0.0653 before migration to 0.1056 now.with the added value of 0.0403.The financial capital value increased from 0.0971 before immigration to 0.1189 now,and the added value was 0.02]8.(3)According to the analysis of income and expenditure of different types of peasant households,the net income of peasant households in hongsibao town is the highest,52,205 yuan;the net income of peasant households in taiyangshan town is 17,928 yuan;the net income of peasant households in liuquan town is the lowest,14,852 yuan.In terms of income from breeding and breeding,the farmers in hongsibao town were far more than those in the other four towns,with 87,943 yuan,and the farmers in xinzhuang jixiang town were the lowest,with 18,016 yuan.In terms of migrant income,the rural households in xinzhuang jixiang have the highest migrant income of 29,300 yuan,and the rural households in taiyangshan town have the lowest migrant income of 20,774 yuan.In terms of agricultural expenditure,the expenditure of farmers in hongsibao town was the highest at 43,804 yuan,that of farmers in taiyangshan town was 10,513 yuan,that of farmers in liuquan township and dahe township were 8,939 yuan and 7,287 yuan respectively,and that of farmers in xinzhuang township was the lowest at 6,599 yuan.In terms of living expenses,except for the rural households in hongsibao town and liuquan town,which were higher,the expenditure was 27,447 yuan and 25,437 yuan respectively.There was no significant difference among other towns.The net income of non-agricultural households was 34.132 yuan,the highest,and the net income of non-agricultural households was 22,511 yuan,the lowest.Among the four types of peasant households,the pure agriculture-type peasant households have the highest income of 59,106 yuan,the non-agricultural peasant households have the lowest income of 2,512 yuan,and the corresponding production expenditure is also the pure agriculture-type peasant households with the highest income of 17,310 yuan.The agriculture-oriented,non-agricultural dominant and non-agricultural peasant households are 12,356 yuan,6,966 yuan and 1,280 yuan respectively.The highest income for migrant workers is non-agricultural peasant households,whose income for migrant workers is 49,208 yuan,and the lowest income for non-agricultural peasant households is 34.813 yuan and 14,940 yuan,respectively.The lowest income for pure agricultural peasant households is 3,614 yuan,far lower than non-agricultural peasant households.(4)By building the OLS regression model to explore the influencing factors that farmers livelihood capital:householder age,family size,the average level of education,the degree of population health,the number of migrant workers,housing grades,distance,the distance from the city to reach towns,the per capita arable land,to participate in the association degree,farming income proportion,farming income proportion,the per capita net income of livelihood capital gross have certain effect,which is significant role as head of the household age,family size,the number of migrant workers,the per capita arable land,to participate in the association degree.The income proportion of planting industry,labor force status,average education level of family members and participation in organizations and associations have significant positive effects on human capital.Material capital is influenced by four factors:family size,per capita cultivated land area,the proportion of aquaculture income and per capita net income.Age of household head,labor force status,average education level of family members,health level of population,distance to urban areas and proportion of planting income are the key capital influencing farmers' natural capital.The labor force status,the average education level of family members,the proportion of aquaculture income and the proportion of wage income have significant influence on the social capital of farmers.Age of head of household,family size,population health,proportion of planting income,proportion of breeding income and proportion of wage income are all significant factors affecting farmers' financial capital,and all of them show significant positive effects.(5)The analysis of the influencing factors for farmers to choose different livelihood strategies shows that natural capital is more significant for farmers to choose pure agriculture-based livelihood strategies;As for the agriculture-oriented livelihood strategy,material capital is the key factor that affects farmers' choice of agriculture-oriented livelihood strategy.For off-farm leading livelihood strategy,material capital and social capital are the key factors affecting off-farm leading livelihood strategy.Natural capital,social capital and human capital are the key capital influencing farmers' choice of non-agricultural livelihood strategy.According to the influencing factors of the transformation of different livelihood strategies,it can be concluded that material capital has a significant positive effect on the transition from pure agriculture-based livelihood strategy to agriculture-based livelihood strategy.Physical capital and natural capital have significant negative effects on the transformation from pure agriculture-based livelihood strategy to non-agricultural leading strategy.Human capital,material capital and natural capital have significant influence on the transformation of livelihood strategy from pure agriculture-type to non-agricultural type.The number of household durable consumer goods,per capita arable land area,number of migrant workers,social security degree and number of participating organizations and associations are the key livelihood capital indicators that affect the transition from pure agriculture-based livelihood strategy to agriculture-based livelihood strategy.The number of household durable consumer goods,the number of migrant workers,the degree of neighborhood contact and the degree of social security showed a significant positive effect when the pure agricultural type was transformed to non-agricultural type.Household registered population,quantity of livestock,quantity of household durable consumer goods,production conditions of agricultural machinery,per capita arable land area,number of migrant workers,degree of social security,and number of participating organizations and associations are the key indicators affecting the transformation of livelihood strategies from pure farming to non-agricultural.