A Study On Evolution Of Migration Between Rural And Urban In Frontier Thnic Areas

Rural-urban migration plays a pivotal role in promoting the development of urbanization and solving the issues of “agriculture,rural areas and farmers”.The motivation of rural-urban migration in border minority areas is characterised by its particularity,which involves the motive force of rural-urban migration and precursors that can shape this force,due to some objective factors,including the weak economic foundation,the slow process of urbanization,the population concentration of ethnic minorities,as well as the "nationality" and "ethnic group" of ethnic minorities.The paper conducted a field survey from 7 sample families and found that since the reform and opening up,the process of rural-urban migration in these areas can be divided into four stages:(1)the rooting stage of rural-urban migration(1978-1991),(2)the embryonic stage of rural-urban migration(1992-2002),(3)the growth stage of ruralurban migration(2003-2012)and(4)the accelerated stage of rural-urban migration(2013-present).The rural-urban migration in the frontier ethnic areas showed some characteristics,which are the "inverted U" relationships of between gender balance,age and the number of farmers entering the city,respectively,a high proportion of people with low academic qualifications,attaching importance to family ethics and morality,still failing to separating from manual labor and leaving the land without leaving the hometown.In terms of migration motivation,work demand,education demand,social relations demand,demolition demand,marriage demand and other needs are the driving force of farmers' rural-urban migration,among which work demand is the most important driving force of farmers' rural-urban migration.The dynamic evolution of farmers' rural-urban migration during the period from 1978 to 2018 showed the following characteristics:(1)the demand for work became more and more important,(2)the demand for education remained stable,(3)the demand for social relations grew steadily,(4)the demand for marriage gradually weakened and the demand for demolition appeared intermittently.For factors affecting the motivation of farmers' rural-urban migration,among of main factors,particularly knowledge,skills,and no difference as to gender are the important premise of rural-urban migration,family ethics is a critical factor hindering rural-urban migration,and labor supply is a crucial guarantee of rural-urban migration.Regarding families,family burden is a key factor shaping rural-urban migration,livelihood determines the possibility of rural-urban migration,and housing conditions exert a dual direction impact on rural-urban migration.Finally,this paper proposes several suggestions to promote the rural-urban migration of farmers in the border areas,such as improving the labor market construction of rural-urban migration,strengthening rural education,accelerating the construction of frontier urbanization,as well as intensifying the guidance of urban minority floating population and so on.