| With the continuous development and progress of economy and society,it has become an inevitable reality that the life expectancy of the population is gradually extended and the birth rate is gradually reduced.Since China formally entered the aging society in 2000,the aging speed of China’s population has gradually accelerated,and the aging degree is more and more deep.According to the 2019 China Statistical Yearbook,the dependency ratio of the elderly population in China has reached 18%,gradually approaching or even exceeding the level of some western developed countries.In this context,how to clarify the relationship between population aging and scientific and technological innovation,and how to deal with the impact of population age structure change on scientific and technological innovation has become an urgent problem.Scientific and technological innovation and progress is a strong driving force for the sustainable growth of a country and its social economy.The coordinated development between scientific and technological innovation and progress and population aging is an important foundation and guarantee for the speed and quality of China’s economic operation.Based on the above facts,this paper studies the impact of population aging on scientific and technological innovation.On the basis of the existing literature research at home and abroad,this paper uses DEA-Malmquist index method and Soro residual method to measure the level of scientific and technological innovation from the current situation of population aging and scientific and technological innovation in China.In addition,a econometric model is established.This paper makes an empirical analysis on the impact of population aging on scientific and technological innovation from the aspects of overall effect and mechanism.The results show that if the population aging increases by 1%,the overall level of scientific and technological innovation in society will fall by 1.7%.Population aging has a negative inhibitory effect on scientific and technological innovation,and the results are robust at the national level At the individual level,the age effect is also negative;at the enterprise level,the backward effect has a positive impact on the population aging,which is consistent with the economic theory,and the backward effect is smaller than the extrusion effect and the year Age effect.According to the above empirical analysis results,this paper puts forward five policy suggestions from five aspects to deal with the adverse effects of population aging on scientific and technological innovation,including actively developing the elderly education,establishing a sound social pension security system,supporting and encouraging enterprises to carry out independent innovation,vigorously developing the elderly industry,and establishing a flexible retirement mechanism and reasonable fertility policy. |
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