An Study On The Influence Of Aging Population Structure On The Supply Of Public Goods For People's Livelihood

Education,medical care and social security are closely related to people's lives and are public goods for people's livelihood.Demographic structure has a significant effect on the demand for public goods.At present,China's population structure presents the characteristics of aging,and the supply of public goods should pay attention to this demographic characteristics,especially the supply of public goods for people's livelihood,and adapt to the changes in the demand for public goods in the aging society.Based on this theoretical perspective,this paper studies the change of demand preference for public goods under the background of aging,and the resulting impact on the supply structure of public goods such as education,medical care and social security.This paper assumes that with the increase of the degree of aging,the elderly population's demand for public goods such as social security and medical and health care will be greatly increased,so that the government will increase the correlative supply of these public goods for people's livelihood.At the same time,this will to some extent "crowd out" education and other public goods needed by children,and change the supply structure of public goods.This paper uses the system GMM method to verify the above hypothesis.Empirical regression results show that population aging has a significant positive impact on social security,medical care public goods,while a significant negative impact on educational public goods.Under the guidance of policies,the public goods supply mechanism in China is gradually inclined to the people's livelihood,and the fiscal expenditure on people's livelihood keeps increasing.From the perspective of the proportion of various public goods for people's livelihood,the education category with the highest proportion in the past has been declining in recent years,while the social security and medical care categories have been on the rise and have exceeded half of the total expenditure on the people's livelihood.This is consistent with the empirical result that the aging population structure has indeed changed the supply structure of public goods for people's livelihood.In addition,local government officials pursue the maximization of their performance and for a long time tend to high-growth economic public goods,resulting in the shortage of public goods for people's livelihood.In view of the above situation of public goods supply for people's livelihood in China,thispaper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions.First of all,local governments should start from the perspective of public demand,transform to a service-oriented government,and spend more financial funds on people's livelihood and improve social welfare.Then local governments need to construct a fiscal spending structure more in line with the current situation of aging,pay more attention to the elderly,increase the supply of public goods such as social security,old-age care and medical care,and introduce market mechanisms to supplement it.Moreover,it is suggested that the government launch more incentive measures to promote the increase of fertility rate,delay the aging of population,and adjust the impact of aging process on the society through population policy.