A Comparative Study On Models Of The Governance Structure Of Secondary Schools Of Ivy League University In The United States

As the grassroots academic organization,the secondary schools directly undertakes and fulfills various functions of the university.We also regard the secondary schools as the important field for teachers and students to develop themselves,as the main position for universities to build disciplines,and also as the key point for colleges and universities of all levels and different disciplines to realize all-round development.At present,China's higher education is in a new historical period of comprehensive construction of world-class universities and world-class disciplines.It is of great significance to explore and construct the governance structure of secondary schools in colleges and universities in the new period,which satisfies the demands of social development and conforms to the law of higher education development.Ivy League University is the world-class university because of its outstanding academic achievements and the quality of talent training.Therefore,to explore and analyze the present situation and characteristics of the governance structure of secondary schools of the Ivy League University will be of great significance to the construction and the improvement of the governance structure of the secondary schools of Chinese universities.In the view of that,this paper mainly studies the governance structure of the secondary schools of Ivy League University in four parts: literature review,structure,characteristic and implication.The first part,also the first chapter serves as the introduction of this paper,including the research purpose,literature review,concept discrimination,writing structure and research methods and so on.This paper adopts literature method,case study and comparative method.We collect Chinese and foreign literature with the following key words: "the Governance of the Secondary Schools","the Ivy League University","the Ivy League University's Secondary Schools' Governance" and "the Governance Structure of Secondary Schools of Ivy League University ",and review the literature.This part clarifies the concept of the governance structure of thesecondary school,that is,the active participation of the stakeholders in the governance of the secondary school,and based on it,how the university charter and the strategic plan for the development of the school make institutional arrangements for the power division of the various organizational bodies of the school.On the basis of relevant literature research,this part puts forward the content and purpose of this paper: to draw on its typical governance experience by studying the governance structure of the secondary school of Ivy League University and provide suggestions for the construction and the improvement of the governance structure of secondary schools of Chinese universities in the new period.The structure research part consists of the second chapter of the "dominant model " of the governing structure of the secondary school of Ivy League University and and the third chapter of the "cooperative model" of the governing structure of the secondary school of Ivy League University.This part specifically introduces the organizational setup and the function division of the two models.The "dominant model " of the governing structure takes the personnel affairs,financial affairs,technical affairs and service affairs as the core contents and takes the flattening of the office organization as the form of the school governance structure.Always,the "dominant model" of the governing structure reveals the independence and complementary characteristics of the organizational setup and its function division.While the "cooperative model" of the governing structure takes the rights of various stakeholders in secondary school as the core content and takes the concurrent setting of the system of office organization and the system of committee organization as the organizational structure.Always,the "cooperative model" has the characteristics of cooperative governance by different stakeholders.The characteristic research part is the forth chapter: analysis on the characteristics of models of the governing structure of the Secondary School of Ivy League University",which concretely analyzes the general features and differences of the two models.The general features can be summed up as follows: adhering to the concept of "Shared-Governance" based on the demands of stakeholders inside and outside the secondary school;constructing a sound governance structure of secondaryschool based on autonomy;constructing an ecological environment of secondary school governance based on the transformation of superior resources and the combination of culture and system;establishing an open,inclusive and fair system based on international perspective.Their difference can be summarized as follows: the different construction logic between the "dominant model" based on affairs management and the"cooperative model" based on the rights of stakeholders;the different philosophy of governance between "dominant model" based on service and the"cooperative model" based on democratic management.The implication part is the fifth chapter.This part firstly summarizes the problems existing in the governance structure of secondary schools in Chinese universities: the imbalance of power division,the vague definition of leaders' power and responsibilities,the lack of autonomy in school operation,and the weak foundation of the system,etc.In view of this,the experience of the governance structure of secondary school of Ivy League University has provided the following ideas and implications for Chinese university: adhering to the concept of "Cooperative Governance" based on all stakeholders' participation in secondary school governance;constructing the system of the governing structure of the secondary school with perfect organization and balanced power;creating the internal environment characterized by effective utilization of human resources and persistence in innovation and characteristics;and formulating the development strategy plan which satisfies the demands of self-development and conforms to the law of self-development.