The Comparative Study Of The Teachers' Appointment Requirements In High-level Universities Of China And America

With the implementation of the "double first class" construction plan,the competition for higher education resources is becoming increasingly fierce.The construction plan clearly puts forward the idea of building the first class faculty as one of the main tasks.It is of great significance to discuss the reasonableness of the teachers' appointment requirements in universities.On the one hand,it can provide a micro level comparative perspective for perfecting the faculty appointment mechanism,and on the other hand,it can provide references for the government to optimize the appointment system of teachers.In this paper,the content analysis method and comparative study method is used to discuss the specific content of the teachers' appointment requirements in the high-level university of China and the United States.The study selected 10 "double first class" universities in China and Harvard University as the sample universities.First,the characteristics of the two countries are analyzed,and then the comparative analysis is carried out,we found that: First,there are three kinds of qualifications for teachers appointment in China: duty level,teacher position and discipline category.The specific employment requirements are classified according to basic requirements,teaching requirements and scientific research requirements.Some universities also set different requirements according to different teachers' posts.Second,the basic requirements of the sample universities are not significant differences in China,but different teachers' posts are different in teaching requirements and scientific research requirements.Third,the regulations of teachers' job promotion in Harvard University as a representative of the American high level universities are vague.The teaching and research achievements are evaluated through the peer review system,and the prestige of the promotion teachers is particularly important.Fourth,by comparing the similarities and differences of teachers' appointment requirements in the high-level universities ofChina and the United States,it is found that the similarities : high basic requirements,emphasis on the evaluation of teaching effect,and more quality of scientific research requirements.The differences are as follows: the evaluation criteria of scientific research requirements are quite different,and the two forms of evaluation are quantitative and qualitative,and the result of appointment has great influence on teachers.In view of the problems that exist in the process of setting up requirements for the appointment of university teachers in China,this study puts forward four inspirations and suggestions: first,pay attention to the results evaluation and improve the application value of the results;second,combined with quantitative and qualitative,scientifically formulating appointment requirements;third,attaching importance to academic power and administrative process of appointment;fourth,attaching importance to external evaluation and perfecting the appointment evaluation system.