Research On The Transfer Phenomenon Of World Higher Education Center

Nowadays,higher education has been entrusted with more and more expectations by the governments of various countries,which is regarded as an important driving force to promote the development of science and technology and improve national comprehensive strength.Yuasa Hikaru,Japanese historians of science,once put forward that in modern times,the center of the World Scientific Activity Center had been transferred four times in the order of Italy,Britain,France,Germany and the United States,with forming five centers.Some scholars believe that there is a strong correlation between the transfer phenomeon of the World Higher Education Centers and the shift of the World Scientific Activity Centers.Therefore,it is very significant for the research of what route the World Higher Education Center is moving along,and what are the important factors in the transfer of education center in the world.According to the method of judging the World Scientific Activity Center by Yuasa Hikaru,the number of scientific and technological celebrities cultivated by universities in different regions at different times is taken as the main indicator,and the size of the universities in the region is the secondary indicator.In this study,it is believed that with a clear advantage in the number of scientific and technological celebrities and universities,one region can be referred to the World Higher Education Center.In the Middle Ages,the initial construction period of the University,the number and scale of university took a large proportion when judging as the World Higher Education Center.While with the continuous development of higher education in a region,the proportion of the index--the number of universities,should be gradually reduced.By analyzing 1423 world science and technology celebrities' biographies recorded in I · Asimov's World Science and Technology Celebrity Dictionary,,including information such as their university experiences,nationalities and so on,this paper statistics the number of scientific and technological celebrities cultivated by universities in different regions in different periods.Through sorting out the change trend of university scale in the world before the middle of the 20th century,and combining the historical background of the development of education in various regions,there comes the conclusion that the World Higher Education Center transferred in the order of Italy(early 12th century-late 16th century),Britain(early 17th Century-1810),Germany(1810-1862)and the United States(1862-).And during the early of 18 century to 1810,there existed two education centers,Britain and France.The first transfer of the world higher education center is based on the decline of Italy's cities in the early 17th Century.The second transfer was based on the establishment of the University of Berlin in 1810.The third transfer was based on the adoption of the Land Grant Act by the United States.Every region that had become the center of world higher education had an absolute advantage in the number of science and technology celebrities,and was in the leading position in the university scale:Every transfer of the World Higher Education Center was in a different historical context and had different driving factors.The developed economy,policy support of the government and the favorable social conditions can provide a strong push for an area to become the center of world higher education,while the reform and innovation of university is the internal cause of the transfer of the World Higher Education Center,such as Berlin university and modern American universities.The single teaching function of university has developed to the integration of teaching and scientific research and evenly to the social services.University model innovation can drive the development of higher education and then promote the overall progress of society.In the process of the transfer of higher education in the world,the transnational migration of outstanding scholars is both a feature and a motivating factor in accelerating the establishment of a new world higher education center.In recent years,the scale of our country's economy has been expanding,and the total amount of GDP has been the second in the world.The government implements the strategy of "Developing the Country through Science and Education" and proposes a"Double First-rate university" construction program,which will exert tremendous power for higher education.Some scholars have found that the world higher education center have transferred to the Asia-Pacific region.Therefore we should further strengthen the support of higher education,make reform and innovation of university model,create more favorable conditions to attract foreign outstanding scholars in China University and give full play to the advantages of "catch-up" country to create the next legend of the rise of higher education.