The Study On The Evolution Of China’s Population Policy And Its Economic Effect After The Reform And Opening Up

The population policy has been a hot spot for th China’s economy and social.Since the 21 st century,there was a softened stance in the population policy to some extent,and the new policy which the second child in the family is legal caused a heated discussion once again in 2016.The road of China’s population policy hardly moved forward,but after the reform and opening up,along with the innovation of policies and accumulated experience,China gradually groped for the road of population management with Chinese characteristics and acquired a series of population management achievements.In the new historical period,facing the new social contradictions between the people with growing demand for a better life with inadequate and imbalance development,the population problem in China is faced with new situation.On the one hand,this paper is based on the history of the activities of the population policy which is started from its source to the policy practice has carried on as the main content,and reform and opening up is the dividing line in this article.Regarding the government?s policy and the attitude of central leaders for the population policy as a clue before 1978,this part can be divided into the stage of encouraging population growt,the stage of propaganda and preparation,the stage of population policy’s twists and turns,the stage of population policy’s preliminary implementation,the stage of population out of control,the stage of pushing forward the population policy.Regarding the historical events of population policy as a clue since 1978,this part can be divided into five stages,include of the establishment of “one-child”,the evolution of “one-child” to the“two-child in a one-girl family”,the one-child families to have a second child,two-child if one parent is a single child,“two-child”.On the other hand,on the basis of absorbing and learning the excellent achievements of predecessors,this paper studied the economic effect of China’s population policy through the data after the reform and opening up,and found that the total fertility rate of women had q positive effect on the growth rate of per capita GDP and per capita capital accumulation.The age structure of population has a complex impact on economic and social development through multiple paths,however,the disadvantages of aging population are more than benefits.The improvement of population quality and the overall development of human beings are conducive to economic and social development.This paper elaborates the understanding of the development and transformation of China’s population policy and affirms the gradual loosening of the population policy,and puts forward the main problems of the population of our country is no longer a problem but the number of structural problems at present and the economic and social development will inevitably lead to the decline in fertility.This paper puts forward some policy recommendations in the end,such as improving social security investment and health care,timely adjusting the family planning policy,and actively coping with the aging of population.