| Ritual favors are the most intuitive type of favors,carrying the function of maintaining rural social solidarity.In the process of social transformation in China,the alienation of ritual favors had become a common phenomenon,making people who live in ritual face with a heavy economic burden and severe psychological shocks,and destroyed social unity in rural areas.Based on the investigation of S town in Northern Guizhou,the paper studies the alienation of ritual favors and governance by the government.Theoretically,traditional ritual favors is a reciprocal process.Its social foundation is the acquaintance society,exchange unit is family and exchange media is the gifts(which include personal items and currency).The working process of ritual favors have to do with a series of chinese culture(such as “face”,“relationship”,“renqing”,and so on),making it carry a lot of nature which include mandatory,circularity and transitivity.Meanwhile,traditional ritual favors also have many active function.But with the development of the social economy,traditional ritual favors has undergone serious alienation.Those alienation is mainly shown in three aspects :economy,ritual and function.In the face of the alienation,many people resisted it,but failed.The alienation of ritual favors force the government to carry out the corresponding governance.However,in the process of governance,due to the chaotic social structure of the village,loose relations between officials and peasants and the operation of the government pressure system,the grassroots government's governance practice is faced with the peasants do not cooperate,ritual favors hold secretly,governance imbalance,failure of policy implementation and other governance difficulties,affecting the effectiveness of governance.If we want to break through this governance dilemma,we should make endogenous organizations as the main body of governance,mobilize the villagers to participate in the governance and remodel ritual favors order. |
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