| Research purposes: With the development of the year by year,yoga continues to undergo self-iteration and renewal.In today's world,yoga is no longer used as a way of spiritual practice,but is becoming a popular form of fitness.Yoga postures play an important role in the spread of yoga and the appearance of fitness effects,but there are few studies on them.In this study,based on the mentality of “reflection of ancient studying” rather than “adoring the ancients”,the characteristics of yoga pose movements are explored from the point of view of the kinematics and muscle activity,which are commonly used yoga and classical standing movements through the means of biomechanics.In this paper,the desired results are: 1)Analyzing the movement characteristics of classical standing yoga postures,which can provide objective and powerful support for body-style teaching and practice;2)researching the biomechanical characteristics of yoga poses,which can provide scientific basis for formulating work standards.Research Methods: This article mainly uses the method of sports biomechanics experimental research,using Qualisys infrared motion capture system synchronous surface myoelectric test system,a series of 19 subjects in A,B groups were measured.respectively from the views of kinematics and muscle activity characteristics based on Visual3 D biomechanics analysis software and EMG analysis software.Subjects classification: Group A are junior coaches(9 persons),who are used to compare with group B(10 persons),we can find the difference between the two;group B are senior coaches,who practice with senior standard and play the roles to explore the biomechanical characteristics of the yoga practice and provide a standard for group A.The selected moves are classic,commonly used,and simple standing postures: Warrior One,Warrior Two,Triangle Stretch,Side Angle Extended,Reinforced Side Extended,Half Moon,and Warrior Three.The selected indicators were: lower limb three joint angles(three planes),standardized integrated electromyography,muscle contribution,and muscle contraction.Research result:(1)Kinematics1)The rotation angle of B group in the left triangle extended load bearing side,bilateral lateral extended non-bearing side,left lateral extended non-load bearing side hip is greater than A group(P <0.05).The frontal and horizontal motion angles of hip joints in the bilateral half-moon group were greater than those in the A group(P<0.01,P<0.05).Without grouping,the left side of the frontal plane of the hip bearing of the three-side load bearing side of the two sides was greater than the right side(P<0.01).2)The angles of group B in the extension angles of bilateral knee-extensional and lateral-extended load-bearing sides and non-bearing-side knee joints all exceeded the neutral position,and the non-load-bearing side extension were greater than those in group A(P<0.01).The angle of external rotation of the extended side of the knee in group B was smaller than that of group A(P<0.05).The angle of right non-bearing side of lower limb group B was greater than that of group A(P<0.01);the joint activities of soldiers A and B were distinct,group B showed stretching,but group A showed flexion,the difference was very significant(P< 0.01).The angle of left side of the soldier's weight bearing varus was greater than the right side(P<0.05);the angle of right side of the group A was greater than the left side(P<0.01),and the right side of the group B.The non-load-bearing side knee showed valgus,the left side showed varus,and the differences were very distinct(P<0.01).Not in the A and B groups,the external rotation angle of the non-load-bearing side knee joint of the soldier was larger than the left side.Right(P<0.01).The flexion angle of left knee joint in group B was smaller than that in group A(P<0.05).The extension angle of bilateral non-supported lower limbs in group B was greater than that in group A(P<0.05).The varus angle of the extended load bearing side knee joint was smaller than that of the A group(P<0.05).The extension angle of the left half-load bearing knee joint in group B was greater than that of group A(P<0.05);the valgus angle of knee joint in group B was greater than that of group A(P<0.05).In group B,the angle of extension of non-load-bearing side knee joint in the right side was greater than that in group A(P<0.01);in the non-grouped side,the movement angle of non-load-bearing side knee in the right side was greater than that in the left side(P<0.05).The stretch angle of the knee joint of the right side of the B type in the B group was greater than that of the A group(P<0.05).The flexion of the nonload-bearing side knee of the right side of the A group was flexion,while the B group showed the extension.The difference was apparent(P<0.05);without grouping,the non-load-bearing lateral knee angle of the right side of the warrior was greater than that of the left knee(P<0.05).3)The angle of plantar flexion of right side triangular extended load-bearing lateral foot joint was greater than that of left side(P<0.05);the angle of left lateral nonload-bearing lateral foot joint was greater than that of right side(P<0.05);the left side of non-load-bearing side of A group The angle of foot joint abduction was greater than that of the right side,and the left abduction angle of group B was smaller than the right side(P<0.01).The angle of plantar flexion of non-load-bearing lateral joints on the left side of the reinforced side of the extended side was greater than that of the right side(P<0.01);the extent of valgus on the right side of the extended side of the load-bearing side and non-loaded side of the foot joint was greater than that of the left side(P< 0.01,P<0.05).The sagittal plane plantar flexion angle on the right side of the warrior was larger than that on the left side(P<0.01);the left side of the warrior was on the 2nd load bearing side with valgus and the right side with varus.Significantly significant(P <0.01);the left side of the warrior non-load-bearing lateral foot varus angle greater than the right side(P <0.01).The right side of the soldier's weight-bearing lateral foot joint in the sagittal plane of motion than the left side(P <0.05),the left side of the soldier a non-load-bearing side foot joint dorsiflexion angle greater than the right side(P <0.01);the left side of the soldiers a load bearing Both groups showed valgus movement in the foot joints and varus in the right side(P<0.01).The valgus angle of the non-loadbearing side foot joints in the right side was greater than that in the left side(P<0.01).The sagittal plane of the lateral-angled lateral load-bearing lateral foot joints of the left group A showed dorsiflexion,while the flexion and flexion of the group B showed a significant difference(P<0.05);the angle of the lateral right angle extended foot joint varus in the right side of the group B was greater than In group A(P<0.05),the dorsiflexion angle of the sagittal plane of the lateral right angle extended load-bearing lateral foot joint of group A was greater than that of the left side,and the right sagittal plane of group B showed dorsiflexion,and the left side showed an ankle plantar flexion.Significant(P <0.05);A,B group left lateral angle extended load-bearing lateral foot joints showed valgus in the frontal plane,the right side showed varus,a significant difference(P <0.05);The right non-load-bearing lateral foot varus angle was greater than the left side(P<0.01).The activities of the left half-month support lateral foot joint in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane showed dorsiflexion and varus,while the right side showed an ankle flexion and valgus,and the difference was very significant(P<0.01);The angle of varus at the supporting side of the half-moon was greater than that of the right side(P<0.01);the varus angle at the right side of the fighter was greater than that of the left side(P<0.05);the left side of the fighter was non-load-bearing.The left side of the flip angle is larger than the right side(P<0.01).(2)Surface myoelectricity1)The normalized integral electromyographic value of the right triangular extensional load-bearing limb was higher than that of the A group.The integrated values of the biceps femoris and the gluteus maximus muscle A and B were significantly different(P).<0.05).In group B,the integrated values of lateral femoral muscles and gluteus maximus muscles of the non-load-bearing lateral triaxial extension were higher than those of the A group(P<0.05).2)In the right side of the B group,the integrated muscle forces of the gastrocnemius,biceps femoris,and gluteus maximus were higher than the A group(P<0.05).The integrated values of right side of the B group was a non-load-bearing side of the gastrocnemius and gluteus were Higher than group A(P<0.05).In group B,the integrated muscle forces of the gastrocnemius muscle on the left side of the loader were higher than that of the group A(P<0.05).3)The integrated value of integrated EMG and non-load-bearing gluteus maximus muscle electromyography of the right side of the B group in the B group was higher than that of the A group(P<0.05).s4)In group B,the integrated muscle load of the tibial anterior muscle on the left side of the extended-load bearing side was higher than that of the group A(P<0.05).No grouping,The integrated values of the left and right sides of the side-stretched loadbearing side limb muscles of the same name muscle electromyography comparison,the right femoral rectus,femoral medial muscle muscles were higher than the left side of the same name muscle(P <0.01);right femoral lateral Muscle above left(P<0.05).Without grouping,the side of the non-load-bearing side of the bilateral enhanced lateral extension,the right lateral side of the non-load-bearing side of the non-load-bearing side of the extended side is higher than the left side(P <0.01).5)The integrated electromyography of the gluteus maximus of the right side lateral extension type of the B group was higher than that of the A group(P<0.05).The right flank extension type non-load-bearing lateral femoral and gluteus maximus muscles in group B were higher than group A(P<0.05);Side(P < 0.05).6)The integrated electromyography of the gastrocnemius muscle in the right side of the group B was higher than that of the group A(P<0.05);the integrated muscle power of the medial and lateral femoral muscles in the group B was lower than that of the group A(P<0.05);The integrated electromyography of the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of the lateral half-moon bearing limbs was higher than that of the A group.The integral muscle electromyogram of the medial muscles of the B group was lower than that of the A group(P<0.05).The right half-month type unsupported tibialis anterior muscles of the B group were included.Intramuscular and lateral femoral muscles had higher integrated electromyography than group A(P<0.05).7)The integrated electromyography of the erector spinae of the left side of the warrior B was higher than that of the A group(P<0.05);the integrated muscular power of the medial and lateral femoral muscles of the unsupported side of the right side of the B group was higher than that of the A group.(P<0.05).Without grouping,the integrated electromyographic power of the tibialis anterior muscle on the unsupported side of the left side of the warrior was higher than that of the right side(P<0.05).Analysis conclusion:1)The activity amplitudes of the hip and knee joints in the two groups remained substantially equal on the left and right sides,with no obvious difference,but the muscle activity in the group B was more intense,indicating that the group B had superior muscle function.2)The two groups of exercisers had higher joint activity and muscle activity on the lower limbs of the load bearing side than the non-weight-bearing side of the same type,and the bilateral muscle activity was not balanced.In comparison,muscle activity in group B was more active than in group A.3)Hip joints are fully stretched in the yoga standing posture,in which the triangular extension and enhanced side extensions have larger range of hip movements.On the one hand,full extension can give greater flexibility to the training of the body,but on the other hand it also brings potential dangers to the health of the hip joints.The knee flexion phenomenon also appears in the yoga asana practice.In this state,the two groups of practitioners have different degrees of external rotation.At the same time,it causes additional contraction of the quadriceps,which may cause a series of chronic injuries to the knee joints.4)Comparing with the hip and knee joints,the foot joints have much differences in practice.First,the foot that is at the end of the limb,has bigger range of the free activity.Second,we should pay more attention that the differences in joint flexibility and degree of mastery of movement,which are the reflections of the bilateral imbalance of joints in yoga. |
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