Research On The Development Paths And Guarantee Mechanism Of Modern Apprenticeship In UK

As a kind of talents training model for vocational education,apprenticeship had played an important and vital role in education ever.Since the second world war,the traditional apprenticeship has revived and developed in the world,and has formed a typical modern vocational education model which is characterized by linking the university and enterprise.In the 1990 s,the UK began to revive the traditional apprenticeship by summarizing the experiences and lessons of modern apprenticeship from other developed countries.After nearly 30 years of continuous exploration,development and improvement,the UK has formed perfect modern apprenticeship system led by industries and employers,and has cultivated a large number of high-tech skills talents,and reserved human resources for industrial development.In contrast,modern apprenticeship in our country is still in its infancy,and there are still many problems in the process of development of modern apprenticeship.Many industries and enterprises do not have strong desire to take part in modern apprenticeship,this situation needs to change and improve by founding the guarantee system and operation mechanism.Therefore,the paper focuses on the development paths and guarantee mechanism of modern apprenticeship in UK.It tries to extract advanced development experiences and ideas from UK and provides learning lessons for us.The paper is divided into six chapters.The first chapter introduces the internal and external development influences of modern apprenticeship in UK and argues that the modern apprenticeship is mainly influenced by the internal evolution and external environment.As a kind of vocational education,apprenticeship had existed in Middle Ages,after the decline of the industrial revolution period and the recovery after the second world war,the modern apprenticeship has been revived and has formed a stable system which is featured by industry-led.The second chapter introduces the supporting institutes for the development of modern apprenticeship.Modern apprenticeship needs the supports from government and social groups.In order to ensure the smooth implementation and development of modern apprenticeship,the management agencies,funding agencies,evaluation agencies and service agencies have formed a comprehensive support system.The management agencies guide and manage the national vocational education.The funding agencies are responsible for overall planning and funding for vocational education and further education,focusing on the learning needs of young people,adults and the disabilities,and improving the whole national skills level.The assessment agencies participate in the evaluation process of modern apprenticeship as independent third-party agencies.The service agencies take charge of coordinating and managing different agencies of apprenticeship,and providing service consultation.The third chapter introduces the development paths of modern apprenticeship.The development paths mainly include making talents cultivating and training systems,developing training courses,providing education resources and undertaking training programs.In terms of talents training,the government canceled the age limit of learners to enlarge the scope;formulate the apprenticeship framework and apprenticeship standards to standardize training content and establish the assessment system to guarantee the quality of training.In the development of training courses,the modern apprenticeship emphasizes on the job-oriented courses,such as “sandwich” courses and modern apprenticeship courses.In the provision of education resources,modern apprenticeship needs to cultivate the qualified teachers who have not only theoretical knowledge but also practical knowledge,and provides necessary education and teaching equipment and training base.In the implementation of training programs,the modern apprenticeship training programs are diversified and enriched.Chapter IV presents the guarantee mechanism for the development of modern apprenticeship.The article believes that the perfect institutional mechanism provides institutional guarantees for the development and innovation of modern apprenticeship.The article analyzes in detail the operating system from three aspects: policy incentive mechanism,management training mechanism and assessment and evaluation mechanism.In terms of policy incentives,the laws,regulations and fiscal incentives encourage various social groups to actively participate in modern apprenticeship training.In the management training mechanism,the responsibilities of various stakeholders are clarified and interest disputes are reduced.In the evaluation mechanism,the system is benefit-oriented and sure to make the stakeholders all benefit from the training.The fifth chapter introduces the development and practical effects of modern apprenticeship.This article believes that the successful implementation of modern apprenticeship in the UK has achieved remarkable results,they are mainly reflected in the following five aspects: firstly,it has promoted effective integration of pre-employment education and post-employment training;secondly,the modern vocational education system has improved;thirdly,the quality of modern apprenticeships has improved;fourthly,the contradiction between the supply and demand imbalances in the labor market is relieved;fifthly,it highlights the role of vocational education in social and economic development.The sixth chapter introduces the development experiences and lessons of modern apprenticeship in the UK.This chapter believes that the development of modern apprenticeship in China needs to explore and improve from the following six aspects: firstly,establish and improve the legal and regulatory system for the development of modern vocational education,and clarify the rights and responsibilities of various stakeholders;secondly,we need to reform and upgrade the talents cultivation model to improve specifications and levels;thirdly,we need to implement the apprenticeship training guided by industries and enterprises,and continuously highlight the roles of industries and enterprises in training,and improve their enthusiasm in participating in training;fourthly,increasing the funding for vocational colleges and modern apprenticeship training is indispensable to promote the development of modern vocational education;fifthly,we need to guide social forces to run schools,promote multi-channel cooperation among training institutions and promote university-industry cooperation and integration.